National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601In-Situ Recovery of Persipeptides from Streptomyces zagrosensis Fermentation Broth by Enhanced Adsorption11011441510.30498/ijb.2020.125909.2231ENHamed Kazemi Shariat PanahiDepartment of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.Fatemeh MohammadipanahDepartment of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of
Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFarzaneh RahmatiDepartment of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Aliakbar TarlaniChemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), Pazhouhesh Blvd., 17th Km of Tehran-Karaj Highway,1496813151 Tehran, Iran.Javad HamediDepartment of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180329<strong>Background:</strong> Drug discovery process is growing considerably due to the noteworthy resource of natural products. Persipeptides A and B are cyclopeptide antibiotics, which are produced by Streptomyces zagrosensis UTMC 1154. Although extraction of culture broth with the help of solvent has been optimized previously, no effort for in-situ extraction of persipeptides has been done yet.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> To produce a high quantity of persipeptides for further drug evaluation, it is crucial to design approaches aimed at improvement of the extraction yield.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Amberlite XAD-16N was employed into the fermentation culture medium of S. zagrosensis in order to enhance the in-situ extraction of persipeptides. Effects of resin content (%), resin addition time (h), and fermentation time (day) were investigated by a two-level full factorial experimental design.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The main factors of resin content (%) and the interaction of resin content (%) with resin addition time (day) were found to be important using ANOVA. The results showed the amount of 0.33 % (w.v-1) amberlite XAD-16N added at 27.2 h post-inoculation was the most effective combination to increase the efficiency of in-situ adsorption capacity of persipeptides.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The provided method requires 3.3 g resin and 200 mL methanol for the extraction of persipeptides from each liter of fermentation culture of S. zagrosensis in less than 15 min. Apart from cost-efficiently and simplicity, this procedure enhanced the recovery of persipeptides by 7 % and 3 times, compared to ISP2 medium without any resin after 4 and 7 days of fermentation, respectively. Therefore, this method can be regarded as a cost-efficient enhancement approach for the production of these newly-discovered metabolites before implementing the genetic manipulation or intensive media optimization, demanding considerable time and effort.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Isolation and Characterization of ACC Deaminase Producing Endophytic Bacillus mojavensis PRN2 from Pisum sativum112011441910.30498/ijb.2020.137279.2308ENRajat MaheshwariPlant-Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, IndiaNamita BhutaniPlant-Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India.Pooja SunejaPlant-Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, IndiaJournal Article20180626<strong>Background:</strong> Endophytic bacteria reside inside healthy plant tissues and provide several benefits to their host, and help them to tolerate various stresses. Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) production is one of the mechanisms by which these bacteria help the plant to survive under ethylene stress.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> The main focus of this study was to isolate endophytic bacteria and effectively screen them for ACCD production. The selected isolate was identified and assessed for plant growth-promoting potential under pot conditions.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Endophytic bacteria were isolated from root nodules of Pisum sativum plants, grown in northern India (Haryana state). ACCD activity was initially screened on DF minimal salt medium with ACC as a sole nitrogen source. To narrow down the number of the isolates, another screening method was adopted using a modified medium containing indicator dyes along with ACC. The strain producing ACCD as well as a significant amount of Indole 3 acetic acid (IAA) was identified using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and amplification of acdS gene. Its ability to promote plant growth was evaluated under pot culture conditions.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Twenty-six endophytic bacteria were isolated from nodules of P. sativum plants. Sixteen isolates showed growth on DF minimal salts medium supplemented with ACC along with negative control. On the modified medium containing indicator dyes, two isolates, PJN13 and PJN17, showed zones of the color gradient. The ACC deaminase activity was further confirmed by enzymatic assay. The strains PJN13 and PJN17 produced 160 and 130 μM of α-ketobutyrate m.g-1 protein h-1, respectively. The IAA production in the strain PJN13 (79.04 ± 0.78 μg.mL -1) was significantly more than that in the strain PJN17 (38.36 ± 1.89 μg.mL-1). It could enhance pea plant growth parameters, including root and shoot length and fresh and dry weight from 1 to 4 times compare to the control (untreated pea plants) under pot conditions. The results of 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing showed that PJN13 has maximum similarity to Bacillus mojavensis, and the sequence submitted to GenBank under accession number MH298523. Also, a band about 800 bp was amplified for the acdS gene.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Though Bacillus is known as a predominant non-rhizobial endophytic genus, however in the present study, a B. mojavensisBacillus mojavensis PRN2 (MH298523) was reported for the first time as an endophyte from the nodules of pea plants. The isolated strain possesses ACC deaminase activity along with IAA production capability, and high potentials as PGPE (Plant growth-promoting endophyte) for plant growth, so it has potential to be used as biofertilizers in pea fields.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Simultaneous Investigation of Three Effective Parameters of Substrate, Microorganism Type and Reactor Design on Power Generation in a Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells212911441710.30498/ijb.2020.132869.2292ENFatemeh NourbakhshNon‑Metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), End of Dadman Street, Tehran Province 1468613113, IranYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran0000-0003-2610-2227Mohammad PazoukiEnergy Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, MeshkinDasht, Alborz Province, IR Iran0000-0002-3046-6392Mohsen MohsenniaNon‑Metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), End of Dadman Street, Tehran Province 1468613113, Iran.Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institution, University of Kashan, Ghotb‑ravandi Blvd, Kashan 8731753153, IranJournal Article20180612<strong>Background:</strong> The use of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) has been expanded in recent years due to their ability in producing bioelectricity and treating wastewater simultaneously. However, there are still some obstacles to use MFC on an industrial scale. Regardless of the restriction of electrodes applied in the electron transferring process, there are also some other factors having strong roles in reducing the power density of MFCs.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> In this paper, the effect of three categories of limiting factors such as kinds of microorganisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Shewanella sp.), substrate type (Glucose and acetate), and features reactor components have been investigated on the power density generation. Simultaneous investigation of these parameters and demonstration of which parameters would induce more power density can help to improve the scale-up of MFCs.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Two types of MFCs with different designs were constructed and inoculated with pure cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5269 and Shewanella sp. The OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) and polarization curves of MFCs were measured when the quasi-steady-state condition was observed.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Based on results, utilizing acetate in the presence of both microorganisms led to approximately 60% higher power density compared to glucose. The comparison of maximum power densities of different reactor designs indicated an approximately 17-70 % increase of power generation. However, the resultant shows modification of reactor design even when other parameters are not optimal can increase power density more than three times.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Actually, reactor design has the most important role in the power density with the MFC while the effects of substrate and microorganism parameters are not inappreciable.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Enzymatic Biotransformation of Pomegranate Ellagitannins: Initial Approach to Reaction Conditions303611441810.30498/ijb.2020.137202.2305ENJuan Buenrostro-FigueroaResearch Center in Food and Development A.C., 33089, Cd. Delicias, Chihuahua, México.Marcela MierelesGroup of Bioprocesses & Bioproducts, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, México.Juan A. Ascacio-ValdésGroup of Bioprocesses & Bioproducts, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, México.0000-0001-6595-863XAntonio Aguilera-CarboFood Science and Nutrition Department, Agrarian Autonomous University “Antonio Narro”, Saltillo, 25000, México.Leonardo SepúlvedaGroup of Bioprocesses & Bioproducts, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, México.Juan Contreras-EsquivelGroup of Bioprocesses & Bioproducts, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, México.Raúl Rodríguez-HerreraGroup of Bioprocesses & Bioproducts, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, México.Cristobal N. AguilarGroup of Bioprocesses & Bioproducts, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, México.Journal Article20180626<strong>Background:</strong> Ellagitannase (Ellagitannin acyl hydrolase) is an inducible enzyme with great potential use in food industry since allows the ellagic acid release from ellagitannins.<br />Objective: In this work, ellagitannase was produced by the fungus Aspergillus niger GH1 in solid state fermentation using polyurethane foam as solid support and pomegranate husk ellagitannins as sole carbon source and ellagitannase inducer and an initial approach to the enzymatic reaction conditions was reached.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Ellagitannase was produced by Aspergillus niger GH1 in solid state fermentation and the ideal reaction conditions for ellagitannase activity based on ellagic acid quantification as ellagitannins biotransformation product by high performance liquid chromatographic are reported.<br /><strong>Results:</strong>The enzyme ideal reaction conditions were: substrate concentration of 1 mg.mL-1, 60 °C and pH 5.0, during 10 min of reaction. The kinetic enzyme constants (Vmax = 30.34 mM.mL-1.min-1 and Km = 1.48 x 103 mM) using punicalagin as substrate were determined.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The assay was completed in a short time and may find application in future studies of ellagic acid production.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Cloning, Genetic Transformation and Cellular Localization of Abiotic Stress Responsive Universal Stress Protein Gene (GUSP1) in Gossypium hirsutum374611442210.30498/ijb.2020.138051.2312ENSameera HassanCentre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, PakistanImran QadirCentre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, PakistanPresent Address: Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Notio, FinlandAqsa AslamCentre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, PakistanBushra RashidCentre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, Pakistan0000-0002-2076-9920Muhammad Bilal SarwarCentre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, PakistanTayyab HusnainCentre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, PakistanJournal Article20180630<strong>Background:</strong> Drought stress seriously affects the cotton fiber development. Universal stress protein gene isolated from native species Gossypium arboreum has the promising tolerance role against these stresses.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aimed to clone, characterize, and genetically transform the GUSP1 gene in local cotton and to observe its expression in transgenic plants under drought stress.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Universal Stress Protein (GUSP1) gene from Gossypium arboreum was cloned in pCEMBIA (-) 1301plant expression vector by replacing Hygromycin and GUS exon with GUSP1-GFP fusion fragment. The construct was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and transient expression assay was confirmed by agro-infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and green fluorescence under a confocal microscope. Gene integration and expression in transgenic plants was observed through Southern blot and real-time PCR analyses. Cellular localization was observed through a confocal microscope and the copy number of the transgene was observed in progeny plants.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Transformation efficiency was 1.9%. Developmental and spatial expression of GUSP1 was observed through Real-time PCR in stem, root, leaf, inflorescence, and seeds of transgenic plants at the vegetative and flowering stage. Integration of GUSP1 revealed a fragment of approximately 500 bp in Southern Blot analyses. Localization of GUSP1 was detected in the intact leaf of transgenic plants through GFP fluorescence in midrib, guard cells of stomata, and trichomes. Single gene copy was detected in the chromosome of transgenic seeds.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> GUSP1 has cloned from native species of local cotton and its integration and expression in transgenic plants confirmed that the role of GUSP1 will provide direction to breed economically important cotton varieties.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Gene Cloning, Heterologous Expression and Biochemical Characterization of A Novel Extracellular Lipase from Rhizopus Oryzae KU45475611442610.30498/ijb.2020.141895.2343ENAlper ArslanogluDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey0000-0002-5758-4743Çağlar Çi̇lDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, TurkeyJournal Article20180723<strong>Background:</strong> Lipases secreted from various Rhizopus oryzae strains were previously expressed in Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was shown to have distinct activities in response to different temperatures, metal ions, organic solvents, and specific substrates. However, until now, no other research biochemically characterized the functions of extracellular pro-lipase in a novel Rhizopus oryzae KU45.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> Characterization of a novel extracellular lipase from fungus R. oryzae KU45 after heterologous expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> An extracellular lipase producing fungus was isolated from a soil sample and identified as a strain of R. oryzae by partial 18S rRNA gene sequencing. It was named as R. oryzae KU45. The lipase gene of KU45 was cloned into pET-28a expression vector and expressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies. The recombinant lipase was purified, refolded and characterized.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The lipase exhibited maximum activity at 45ºC, at slightly alkaline pH. It showed a broad substrate specificity acting on p-nitrophenyl esters with C8-C16 acyl groups as substrates and, many of the organic solvents and metal ions tested did not have any adverse effects on the enzyme activity.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> High stability, broad substrate specificity and activity at mesophilic temperatures in the presence of organic solvents, and metal ions make the extracellular lipase of KU45 a candidate for various biotechnological applications.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Enhancing Catecholase Activity of a Recombinant Human Tyrosinase Through Multiple Strategies576511442110.30498/ijb.2020.137293.2310ENArman ShahrisaDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranMaryam NikkhahDepartment of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranHadi ShirzadDepartment of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranRoudabeh BehzadiDepartment of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMajid SadeghizadehDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2497-3152Journal Article20180627<strong>Background:</strong> Tyrosinases are copper-containing enzymes that initiate the melanin synthesis. They catalyze the direct oxidation of L-tyrosine or L-DOPA into L-DOPAquinone.<br />Objectives: In present study, we aimed to obtain a recombinant tyrosinase with enhanced catecholase activity through site-directed mutagenesis.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The coding sequence of human tyrosinase along with native signal sequence was cloned into pET-28a (+). BL-21 was used as expression host and recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA resins. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on M374 residue to achieve four mutants: M374D, M374T, M374K and M374R. Chloride ions (Clˉ) were removed from all solutions, and an extra amount of Cu2+ ions was added to recombinant tyrosinases by a novel technique during the purification process. Removal of Clˉ ions and addition of extra Cu2+ ions tripled catecholase activity of the recombinant protein. Therefore, all mutants were obtained under similar conditions.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Although all the mutants presented higher catecholase activity in comparison to the wild-type enzyme, a significant increase in catecholase activity of the M374D mutant was observed ‒ 13.2-fold. In silico modeling suggested that a de novo hydrogen bond occurs between side chain carboxyl oxygens of D374 and H367 in M374D. In the wild-type tyrosinase, the peptide oxygen atom of M374 is responsible for hydrogen bonding with H367.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our data suggests that M374D mutational variant has applications in different areas such as agriculture, industry, and medicine.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Cytoplasmic Chaperones Enhance Soluble Expression of Anti-EGFR huscFv in Escherichia coli667311442310.30498/ijb.2020.138200.2314ENAtefeh NazariDepartment of Biology, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardebil, IranSafar FarajniaDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranBiotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranSaber ZahriDepartment of Biology, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardebil, IranNazanin BagherlouBiotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranAsghar TanoumandMaragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, IranLeila RahbarniaInfectious and tropical diseases research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20180717<strong>Background:</strong> Overexpression of EGFR is associated with carcinogenesis in more than 70% of head and neck cancers. Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies bind to the extracellular domain of EGFR and block the EGFR downstream signaling pathway, which results in the suppression of the growth of the tumor cells. Escherichia coli is the preferred system for expressing various recombinant proteins, including single chain antibodies, but the formation of inclusion bodies negatively affects the efficacy of this system. Several strategies have been suggested to solve this problem, notably the utilization of molecular chaperones.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> In this study, we attempted to increase the soluble expression of huscfv antibody via co-expression with the cytoplasmic chaperones.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> To achieve this purpose, chaperones plasmids pG-KJE8, pGro7, pKjE7, pTf16 and pG-Tf2 encoding cytoplasmic chaperones were co-expressed with the humanized anti-EGFR scFv construct in E. coli. Different temperatures, incubations times, and concentrations of IPTG were used to produce an active antibody with the highest solubility. Results were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Soluble huscFv was purified by Ni-NTA column and the biologic activity of the recombinant protein was determined by ELISA.<br /><strong>Result:</strong> The results indicated that the highest concentrations of humanized anti-EGFR scFv were obtained by co-expression of huscFv via chaperone plasmid pG-KJE8 with 0.2 mM concentration of inducer (IPTG), culture temperature of 25 °C, and 4 h incubation time after induction.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In conclusion, co-expression with chaperones could be used as an efficient strategy to produce soluble active ScFvs in E. coli.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Aloe barbadensis Miller Leaf Extract748111442910.30498/ijb.2020.145075.2383ENQudsia BegumDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi –75270, Pakistan0000-0002-6373-5691Mehwish KalamDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Karachi, Karachi – 75270, PakistanMustafa KamalDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Karachi, Karachi – 75270, PakistanTabassum MahboobDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, PakistanJournal Article20180828<strong>Background:</strong> There is a growing commercial demand for nano-formulations due to their prevalence applicability in various areas of bio-nanotechnology. Numerous chemical and physical methods have traditionally been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles, but they are limited due to use of toxic and harmful chemicals, thus drew researchers’ attention towards the biosynthesis of the silver nanoparticles by using medicinal plant.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> The present study enlightens the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in an echo-accommodating way by using aqueous Aloe vera leaf extract (AVLE) and evaluate its antimicrobial potential.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using AVLE was determined by UV–vis spectrum and SEM. The optimization of different reaction conditions was measured, and antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The optimum synthesis of AV-AgNPs showed at a 1mM concentration of silver nitrate, 5:95 ratio of AVLE to silver nitrate solution, pH 8 at ambient temperature for 24 hours. The synthesis was confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy maximum absorbance at 400 nm while SEM showed spherical morphology with an average particle size 20-24 nm. The antibacterial activity of AV-AgNPs was measured by disc diffusion method and exhibits significant antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This method appears promising for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using Aloe vera with potent bactericidal activity, thus suggesting its role in clinical therapeutics and other fields.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Biosynthesis and Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles by Artemisia Aucheri Extract829111442710.30498/ijb.2020.151379.2426ENVida NezamabadiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, IranMohammad Reza AkhgarDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, IranBatool TahamipourYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.Peyman RajaeiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.Journal Article20181007<strong>Background:</strong> Green approach to nanoparticles, including metal oxides Because of an inevitable disadvantage of physical or chemical synthesis routes is attractive nowadays. ZnO nanoparticles play a key role in the medicals and drugs area.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> In this study, biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with new approach to enhanced the Antimicrobial properties against gram-negative and gram-positive was performed by use of a new type of plant extract, Artemisia aucheri, in an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, simple procedure way.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> By adding Zn(NO3)2 to A. aucheri methanol extract followed by stirring The resulted solution and final heat treatment in 200 °C the ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized. Disc diffusion method was applied to evaluation the Antimicrobial properties of the extract and nanoparticles towards resistance into Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) result showed all of the peaks proportion to ZnO and no other peaks were detected, also demonstrated nanostructure nature with crystallite size about 9 nm. In the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), there is a band in the 550 cm-1 which is corresponded to ZnO. Also 76 nm average particle size obtained by DLS experiments. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed strong peaks for Zn and O, support supposition of ZnO nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images indicated spherical rounded particles with the size of average 30 nm. Antibacterial tests showed effective diameter about 11 and 10 mm for plant extract and also 7 and 5 mm for ZnO nanoparticles against E. coli (gram-negative) and S. aureus (gram-positive) in agar disc diffusion method, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles could be a good candidate for antibacterial activity, both against E. coli (gram-negative) and S. aureus (gram-positive) especially for versus E. coli.National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-304318220200601Multiscale Simulation of Adsorption Based Microcantilever Biosensors for Radiation Exposure Effects9210011442410.30498/ijb.2020.134636.2317ENFouad MollaeiAerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science and Research and Technology, Tehran, IranAerospace Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranPeiman AliparastAerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science and Research and Technology, Tehran, IranAbolghasem NaghashAerospace Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7776-7662Journal Article20180703<strong>Background:</strong> This article is focused on biological measurements based on molecular interactions. The specific biomarker implemented for radiation biosensor is FLT3, which bears changes in the body regarding radiation exposure. Experimental results of sensing vancomycin verify the overall results of two steps of numerical methods for different scales.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim is to provide adequate modeling procedures to predict sensory data. Multiscale modeling is implemented to simulate molecular interaction and its consequent micro mechanical effects. The method is implemented to calculate surface traction of microcantilever biosensor.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The method consists of molecular dynamics simulation of adsorption process by implementing classical mechanics theory to calculate the final response of the sensor as tip deflection. The sequential information transaction is assumed between the physical parameters of two governing scales. The numerical method consists of the location of particles providing for a nano-metric periodic boundary conditioned functionalized surface implemented, and the numerical thermodynamic formula is, in turn, use energy parameters to acquire macro-mechanical deflection of a specific microcantilever. Also, novel sensitivity analysis of the results as the adsorption process moves toward more saturated substrate provided.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Verification of the simulation method for Vancomycin sensing results enjoys less than 20 percent of deviation regarding the experimental data. The standard deviation of 0.054 in the final expected response of the sensor is calculated as the accuracy of the radiation biosensor based on FLT3.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The method is still to reach a correlation between the concentration of target molecules in solution and the number of adsorbed molecules per area of the sensor. A scaled correlation between sensor’s response and the amount of biomarker is found using tip deflection of a sample designed microcantilever. Around one micrometer deflection that can be read out using various conventional methods was observed at saturation of adsorption surface. The analyses provide adequate data to design a sensor capable of measuring the effect of cosmic radiation to the human body.