National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701Phenylketonuria from genetics to clinics: An Iranian prospect1631727151ENZahra FazeliDivision of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box 81746-73441,
Isfahan, I.R. Iran. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
P.O. Box 19395-4719, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Sadeq VallianDivision of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box 81746-73441,
Isfahan, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20110701Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism. The<br />disease is caused mainly by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, encoding phenylalanine<br />hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme. The PAH enzyme deficiency results in the elevation of phenylalanine in<br />the blood, which may cause severe irreversible mental retardation in the affected individuals. More than 500<br />different disease causing mutations have been identified in the PAH gene. Direct and indirect molecular<br />approaches have been developed for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of PKU disease. Population<br />distribution of the PAH gene mutations and the PKU disease varies in different countries. In view of relatively<br />high prevalence of the disease in Iranian population, investigations toward the elucidation of molecular<br />aspects of the disease were required. In the present article, clinical and molecular basis of the PKU disease,<br />with emphasis on the studies performed in Iranian population, were reviewed.<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7151_999f81c9ec3d851a3d5a0865042882f8.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Bifidobacterium isolates from healthy adult Koreans1731807150ENShin Young ParkCollege of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Do Kyung LeeCollege of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Hyang Mi AnCollege of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Min Gyeong ChaCollege of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Eun Hae BaekFood R and D Center, Sahmyook Foods, Chunan, Chungcheongnamdo 330-810, Republic of Korea.Jung Rae KimCollege of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Si Won LeeCollege of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Mi Jin KimCollege of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Kang Oh LeeDepartment of Life Science,
Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Nam Joo HaCollege of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.Journal Article20110701A total of twenty-two strict anaerobic and Gram-positive Bifidobacteria, identified as B. adolescentis, B.<br />pseudocatenulatum, or B. longum, were isolated from healthy adult Koreans. We here investigated the cell<br />morphology, antimicrobial resistance patterns to novel antibiotics and genotypic differentiation of<br />Bifidobacteria assessing repetitive DNA element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting using the BOXA1R primer at<br />the species level. All Bifidobacterium spp., except B. adolescentis SPM1005 and B. longum SPM1205,<br />formed round and convex colonies. All B. adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. longum were opaque<br />white glossy in colony color, and short, long, and irregular rods in morphological shape. In addition, all B.<br />adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. longum formed a variety of shapes ranging from rods to Vshaped, Y-shaped, clubbed rods, or irregular. All Bifidobacterium spp., except B. adolescentis<br />SPM0214, were sensitive to daptomycin (DAP), linezolid (LIN), and tigecycline (TIG). B. adolescentis<br />SPM0214 was resistant to DAP. Genomic fingerprinting patterns of B. adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum,<br />and B. longum were diverse and different from those of the KCTC strain. The band size of B. adolescentis, B.<br />pseududocatenulatum, and B. longum varied from 3.0 kb to 300 bp, 2.0 kb to 200 bp, and 2.0 kb to 500 bp,<br />respectively. In conclusion, twenty-two strains of B.adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. longum<br />isolated from healthy adult Koreans were very diverse in both phenotype and genotype. Moreover, this diversity of phenotype and genotype may support that health promoting effects of individual strain of<br />Bifidobacterium spp. human isolates could be differentand specific even within same species.<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7150_d1c563e63a4f6137d753e974435a0d2d.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701Immunogenic and protective potentials of recombinant receptor binding domain and a C-terminal fragment of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E1811877152ENSeyed Latif Mousavi GargariDepartment of Biology, Shahed University, P.O. Box 18151-159, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Iraj RasooliDepartment of Biology, Shahed University, P.O. Box 18151-159, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Ebrahim ValipourDepartment of Biology, Zanjan University, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, I.R. Iran.Mohsen BasiriDepartment of Biology, Shahed University, P.O. Box 18151-159, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Shahram NazarianDepartment of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Imam-Hossein University, P.O. Box 16575-347, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Jafar AmaniMedical Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-5487, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Nima FarhadiDepartment of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Imam-Hossein University, P.O. Box 16575-347, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20110701Clostridium Botulinum Type E neurotoxin heavy chain consists of two domains: the translocation domain as<br />the N-terminal half and the binding domain as the Cterminal half (Hc). One effective way to neutralize botulinum neurotoxin is to inhibit binding of this toxin to neuromuscular synapses with antibodies against binding domain. Two synthetic genes, coding for Hc (the full length binding domain) and the c-terminal quarter of binding domain (HcQ), were cloned in pET-28a vector and over-expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells.<br />These recombinant proteins were purified by affinity Ni-NTA column (under native condition). Mice were<br />vaccinated with 2 μg of purified proteins, respectively; at step one with complete adjuvant, steps two and<br />three with incomplete adjuvant and step four only with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Enzyme-linked<br />immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been performed with mice serum samples 14 days following their third<br />and final vaccination. Binding activity of the purified proteins to ganglioside and synaptotagmin II was analyzed by ELISA. The results showed that HcQ and Hc could bind with ganglioside. Based on challenge<br />experiments it was revealed that HcQ, Hc and BoNT/E toxoid could give protections in mice challenged with<br />102 , 104 and 105 minimum lethal dose (MLD) dose of BoNT/E.<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7152_fcba998c4fd629857b727b8fa5611d56.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701Evaluation of Ca-independent α-amylase production by Bacillus sp. KR-8104 in submerged and solid state fermentation systems1881967155ENMaryam HashemiDepartment of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University
of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, I.R. Iran. Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), P.O. Box 31535-1897, Karaj, I.R. Iran.Seyed Abbas ShojaosadatiBiotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Seyed Hadi RazaviDepartment of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University
of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, I.R. Iran.Seyyed Mohammad MousaviBiotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20110701This study investigates the production of crude Ca-independent and low pH active α-amylase by Bacillus<br />sp. KR-8104 in submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) systems. Different<br />parameters were evaluated in each system using “one factor at a time” approach to improve the production of<br />enzyme. The results showed that in the SmF the maximum enzyme production was achieved in culture<br />medium that contained dextrin as a carbon source, as well as yeast extract and meat extract as nitrogen<br />sources incubated at 37ºC and 180 rpm for 48 h. While SSF of Bacillus sp. KR-8104 using wheat bran (WB)<br />as a substrate showed that using tap water or distilled water as a moisturizing agent, a substrate-water ratio<br />of 1:1.5 (w/v) and incubation at 37ºC for 48 h gave the maximum α-amylase production. From different<br />extraction medium examined in this study 0.1% (v/v) aqueous mixture of Tween 20 and distilled water illustrated maximum results (~100 U/g).<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7155_183a917b35300db0df5faef45587f6fd.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701Effect of dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratios on the partial nitrification/denitrification process in moving bed biofilm reactors1972057154ENAli ZafarzadehDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Paramidicine and Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, P.O. Box 49165-513, Gorgan, I.R. Iran.Bijan BinaDepartment of Environmental
Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 82745-319, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.Mahnaz NikaeenDepartment of Environmental
Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 82745-319, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.Hossein Movahedian AttarDepartment of Environmental
Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 82745-319, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.Mehdi Haji KhiadaniDepartment of Environmental
Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 82745-319, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20110701Partial nitrification was reported to be technically feasible and economically favorable, especially for wastewater<br />with high ammonium concentration or low C/N ratio. In this study, the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO)<br />and influent ratio of chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio on biological nitrogen removal from<br />synthetic wastewater was investigated. Experiments were conducted in moving bed biofilm reactors<br />(MBBRs) on partial nitrification process in pilot-plant configuration for 300 days. DO levels were changed<br />from 0.04 to 0.12 and 0.42 to 3.4 mg/l in the anoxic (R1) and aerobic (R2) reactors, respectively. The optimum DO for partial nitrification was between 1-1.5 mg/l in the aerobic reactor (R2). Influent COD/N ratios<br />between 20 and 2 g COD/g-N were tested by changing the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) supplied to the pilot<br />plant. During operational conditions when the DO concentration in aerobic reactor was above 1 mg/l, near<br />complete organic carbon removal occurred in the total MBBRs system. The effluent total nitrogen concentration<br />in the operational conditions (1.7-2.1 mg O2/l and NH+4-N=35.7 mg N/l) was obtained in the range of<br />0.85-2 mg/l. The highest nitrite accumulation (50%-52%) took place at the DO concentration of 1-1.5 mg/l<br />and increased with decreasing COD/N ratio in aerobic reactor (R2). This study showed that the average nitrification rate at various COD/N ratios is about 0.96gN/m2 per day while the maximum nitrification rate is<br />about 2 gN/m2 per day at COD/N ratios lower than 6. The experimental COD/N ratio for denitrification was<br />close to complete sum of NO2- and NO3- (NOx) removal efficiency (about 99%) at COD/N ratio equal<br />14 in the operational conditions in the anoxic reactor (R1).<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7154_7f77b6ac5b25121eb3c7ff97ba1e54ce.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701Micropropagation of Alternanthera sessilis (L.) using Shoot tip and Nodal segments2062127156ENWesely Edward GnanarajDepartment of Botany, A.A. Govt. Arts College, Namakkal, India-637 002.Johnson Marimuthu Alias AntonisamyDepartment of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tamil
Nadu, India-627 002.Marappampalayam SubramanianCentre for Biotechnology, Research Department of Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, India- 637 408Selvan NallyanCentre for Biotechnology, Research Department of Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, India- 637 408Journal Article20110701A rapid in vitro propagation system has been established from mature shoot tip and nodal segments of a<br />highly valuable medicinal plant Alternanthera sessilis (L.). The explants were cultured on Murashige and<br />Skoog’s medium augmented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators for<br />shoot bud initiation and multiplications. For shoot tip, highest frequency of shoot proliferation (94.3 ± 0.43)<br />and maximum number per explants (23.4 ± 0.38) was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s medium augmented with 2.0 mg/l of 6-Benzyl Amino Purine. For nodal segments, highest frequency of shoot proliferation (90.4 ± 0.82) and maximum number (15.2 ± 0.63) per node was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s medium augmented with 1.5 mg/l of 6-Benzyl Amino Purine. Maximum percentage of callus formation (Leaves-92.4 ± 0.61; Inter-nodal -88.9 ± 0.83) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3% and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 2.0 mg/l. Highest efficiency (97.4 ± 1.36) of rooting and maximum number (6.3 ± 0.42) of rootlet per shoot let was achieved on half strength Murashige and Skoog’s medium fortified with 3 mg/l of Indole-3-Butyric acid. Regenerated plants were successfully transferred to field (78%).<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7156_017381540d39c8df07a7520a6541c8d1.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701Characterization of the full length coat protein gene of Iranian Grapevine fanleaf virus isolates, genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis2132217157ENNemat Sokhandan BashirPlant Protection Department, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 345, Tabriz, I.R. Iran.Alireza PashaeiPlant Protection Department, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 345, Tabriz, I.R. Iran.Hamed Doulati-BanehAgricultural Research Center, West Azarbaijan, P.O. Box 365, Uromieh, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20110701The full-length coat protein gene of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) isolates from Iran was characterized by<br />reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and sequencing. The expected 1515 bp coat<br />protein (CP) gene amplicon was obtained for 16 isolates out of 89 that were identified by double antibody<br />sandwich enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (DASELISA) in a population of 330 symptomatic grapevine<br />leaf samples. CP products of eight isolates were cloned and nucleotide sequences were determined.<br />Parsimonious trees indicated that GFLV isolates from Iran formed a distinct cluster, suggesting an independent evolution.<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7157_49b22a0ee366d6007bac1158c9b82993.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701ISSR markers for assessing DNA polymorphism and genetic characterization of cattle, goat and sheep populations2222297158ENNahid AskariDepartment of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 6341773637,
Ahvaz, I.R. Iran.Mohammadreza Mohammad AbadiDepartment of Animal Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box 76169133, Kerman, I.R. Iran.Amin BaghizadehInternational Center for Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box: 76315117, Kerman, I.R. Iran0000-0001-5587-2621Journal Article20110701Based on the purpose of conservation planning for native species, sixteen populations of cattle, goat and<br />sheep were analyzed by amplification of genomic DNA using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to<br />estimate of genetic structure. DNA samples of 275 animals were collected to Paccess their genetic content.<br />The polymorphism information content (PIC) values and genetic diversity in sheep populations were higher<br />than the others. The mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.3615, indicating that 19.42% of the<br />genetic diversity resided within the population. In total, 60 fragments in PCR products were indicated by using<br />ISSR primers and generally most of the fragments were common in all populations, but differed in their<br />frequency. A cluster analysis was carried out using unweighed pair group method with arithmetic averages<br />(UPGMA) and dendrogram illustrated genetic relationships among 275 individuals in three species. Haplotypes were constructed computationally and frequencies were compared in each species. The results of this study can provide basic molecular information for future research on native livestock using ISSR markers.<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7158_5b56e670e91375919cf942a6b5797ef0.pdfNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of IranIranian Journal of Biotechnology1728-30439320110701Expression of genes encoding protein kinases during flower opening in two cut rose cultivars with different longevity2302337153ENHanife HajizadehNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran-Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran. Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, I.R. Iran. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.Khadije RazaviNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran-Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Younes MostofiDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, I.R. Iran.Giovanni CaccoDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.Amir MousaviNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran-Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran.0000-0003-0067-4294Zabihollah ZamaniDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, I.R. Iran.Piergiorgio StevanatoDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.Journal Article20110701Ethylene plays an important role in wide-ranging aspects of plant growth and development, including<br />fruit ripening, leaf and flower senescence. In this study, the expression patterns of two genes involved in the<br />ethylene signal transduction pathway (RhCTR1 and RhCTR2) were investigated during the flower opening<br />stages in two Rosa hybrida cultivars, ‘Black magic’ and ‘Maroussia’, which are characterized by short and long<br />vase lives, respectively. RhCTR1 expression increased significantly during flower opening in both cultivars, but its expression level in cv. Maroussia was significantly higher than that in cv. Black magic. No variation in gene expression was detected for RhCTR2 in both cultivars. Therefore, this study showed that the vase life of the two cultivars correlated with the expression of RhCTR1, but not with that of RhCTR2, the behavior of which is typical of a constitutive gene.<br /><br />https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7153_019b33e8512f5e45d39479932df828c6.pdf