2024-03-29T04:43:16Z
https://www.ijbiotech.com/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1184
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
Phenylketonuria from genetics to clinics: An Iranian prospect
Zahra
Fazeli
Sadeq
Vallian
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism. Thedisease is caused mainly by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, encoding phenylalaninehydroxylase (PAH) enzyme. The PAH enzyme deficiency results in the elevation of phenylalanine inthe blood, which may cause severe irreversible mental retardation in the affected individuals. More than 500different disease causing mutations have been identified in the PAH gene. Direct and indirect molecularapproaches have been developed for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of PKU disease. Populationdistribution of the PAH gene mutations and the PKU disease varies in different countries. In view of relativelyhigh prevalence of the disease in Iranian population, investigations toward the elucidation of molecularaspects of the disease were required. In the present article, clinical and molecular basis of the PKU disease,with emphasis on the studies performed in Iranian population, were reviewed.
phenylalanine hydroxylase
Phenylketonuria
Mutation
Haplotype
polymorphic markers
Iranian population
2011
07
01
163
172
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7151_999f81c9ec3d851a3d5a0865042882f8.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Bifidobacterium isolates from healthy adult Koreans
Shin
Young Park
Do Kyung
Lee
Hyang
Mi An
Min
Gyeong Cha
Eun Hae
Baek
Jung
Rae Kim
Si Won
Lee
Mi Jin
Kim
Kang Oh
Lee
Nam
Joo Ha
A total of twenty-two strict anaerobic and Gram-positive Bifidobacteria, identified as B. adolescentis, B.pseudocatenulatum, or B. longum, were isolated from healthy adult Koreans. We here investigated the cellmorphology, antimicrobial resistance patterns to novel antibiotics and genotypic differentiation ofBifidobacteria assessing repetitive DNA element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting using the BOXA1R primer atthe species level. All Bifidobacterium spp., except B. adolescentis SPM1005 and B. longum SPM1205,formed round and convex colonies. All B. adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. longum were opaquewhite glossy in colony color, and short, long, and irregular rods in morphological shape. In addition, all B.adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. longum formed a variety of shapes ranging from rods to Vshaped, Y-shaped, clubbed rods, or irregular. All Bifidobacterium spp., except B. adolescentisSPM0214, were sensitive to daptomycin (DAP), linezolid (LIN), and tigecycline (TIG). B. adolescentisSPM0214 was resistant to DAP. Genomic fingerprinting patterns of B. adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum,and B. longum were diverse and different from those of the KCTC strain. The band size of B. adolescentis, B.pseududocatenulatum, and B. longum varied from 3.0 kb to 300 bp, 2.0 kb to 200 bp, and 2.0 kb to 500 bp,respectively. In conclusion, twenty-two strains of B.adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. longumisolated from healthy adult Koreans were very diverse in both phenotype and genotype. Moreover, this diversity of phenotype and genotype may support that health promoting effects of individual strain ofBifidobacterium spp. human isolates could be differentand specific even within same species.
Bifidobacterium species
healthy adult Koreans
phenotypic characterization
genotypic characterization
minimum inhibitory concentrations
2011
07
01
173
180
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7150_d1c563e63a4f6137d753e974435a0d2d.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
Immunogenic and protective potentials of recombinant receptor binding domain and a C-terminal fragment of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E
Seyed Latif
Mousavi Gargari
Iraj
Rasooli
Ebrahim
Valipour
Mohsen
Basiri
Shahram
Nazarian
Jafar
Amani
Nima
Farhadi
Clostridium Botulinum Type E neurotoxin heavy chain consists of two domains: the translocation domain asthe N-terminal half and the binding domain as the Cterminal half (Hc). One effective way to neutralize botulinum neurotoxin is to inhibit binding of this toxin to neuromuscular synapses with antibodies against binding domain. Two synthetic genes, coding for Hc (the full length binding domain) and the c-terminal quarter of binding domain (HcQ), were cloned in pET-28a vector and over-expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells.These recombinant proteins were purified by affinity Ni-NTA column (under native condition). Mice werevaccinated with 2 μg of purified proteins, respectively; at step one with complete adjuvant, steps two andthree with incomplete adjuvant and step four only with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been performed with mice serum samples 14 days following their thirdand final vaccination. Binding activity of the purified proteins to ganglioside and synaptotagmin II was analyzed by ELISA. The results showed that HcQ and Hc could bind with ganglioside. Based on challengeexperiments it was revealed that HcQ, Hc and BoNT/E toxoid could give protections in mice challenged with102 , 104 and 105 minimum lethal dose (MLD) dose of BoNT/E.
Botulinum Neurotoxin
Recombinant Vaccine
Binding Domain
Synthetic Gene
2011
07
01
181
187
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7152_fcba998c4fd629857b727b8fa5611d56.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
Evaluation of Ca-independent α-amylase production by Bacillus sp. KR-8104 in submerged and solid state fermentation systems
Maryam
Hashemi
Seyed Abbas
Shojaosadati
Seyed Hadi
Razavi
Seyyed Mohammad
Mousavi
This study investigates the production of crude Ca-independent and low pH active α-amylase by Bacillussp. KR-8104 in submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) systems. Differentparameters were evaluated in each system using “one factor at a time” approach to improve the production ofenzyme. The results showed that in the SmF the maximum enzyme production was achieved in culturemedium that contained dextrin as a carbon source, as well as yeast extract and meat extract as nitrogensources incubated at 37ºC and 180 rpm for 48 h. While SSF of Bacillus sp. KR-8104 using wheat bran (WB)as a substrate showed that using tap water or distilled water as a moisturizing agent, a substrate-water ratioof 1:1.5 (w/v) and incubation at 37ºC for 48 h gave the maximum α-amylase production. From differentextraction medium examined in this study 0.1% (v/v) aqueous mixture of Tween 20 and distilled water illustrated maximum results (~100 U/g).
Ca-independent α-amylase
Bacillus sp. KR-8104
Submerged fermentation
Solid state fermentation
2011
07
01
188
196
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7155_183a917b35300db0df5faef45587f6fd.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
Effect of dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratios on the partial nitrification/denitrification process in moving bed biofilm reactors
Ali
Zafarzadeh
Bijan
Bina
Mahnaz
Nikaeen
Hossein
Movahedian Attar
Mehdi
Haji Khiadani
Partial nitrification was reported to be technically feasible and economically favorable, especially for wastewaterwith high ammonium concentration or low C/N ratio. In this study, the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO)and influent ratio of chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio on biological nitrogen removal fromsynthetic wastewater was investigated. Experiments were conducted in moving bed biofilm reactors(MBBRs) on partial nitrification process in pilot-plant configuration for 300 days. DO levels were changedfrom 0.04 to 0.12 and 0.42 to 3.4 mg/l in the anoxic (R1) and aerobic (R2) reactors, respectively. The optimum DO for partial nitrification was between 1-1.5 mg/l in the aerobic reactor (R2). Influent COD/N ratiosbetween 20 and 2 g COD/g-N were tested by changing the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) supplied to the pilotplant. During operational conditions when the DO concentration in aerobic reactor was above 1 mg/l, nearcomplete organic carbon removal occurred in the total MBBRs system. The effluent total nitrogen concentrationin the operational conditions (1.7-2.1 mg O2/l and NH+4-N=35.7 mg N/l) was obtained in the range of0.85-2 mg/l. The highest nitrite accumulation (50%-52%) took place at the DO concentration of 1-1.5 mg/land increased with decreasing COD/N ratio in aerobic reactor (R2). This study showed that the average nitrification rate at various COD/N ratios is about 0.96gN/m2 per day while the maximum nitrification rate isabout 2 gN/m2 per day at COD/N ratios lower than 6. The experimental COD/N ratio for denitrification wasclose to complete sum of NO2- and NO3- (NOx) removal efficiency (about 99%) at COD/N ratio equal14 in the operational conditions in the anoxic reactor (R1).
Dissolved oxygen
COD/N
Moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs)
Partial nitrification
2011
07
01
197
205
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7154_7f77b6ac5b25121eb3c7ff97ba1e54ce.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
Micropropagation of Alternanthera sessilis (L.) using Shoot tip and Nodal segments
Wesely Edward
Gnanaraj
Johnson Marimuthu
alias Antonisamy
Marappampalayam
Subramanian
Selvan
Nallyan
A rapid in vitro propagation system has been established from mature shoot tip and nodal segments of ahighly valuable medicinal plant Alternanthera sessilis (L.). The explants were cultured on Murashige andSkoog’s medium augmented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators forshoot bud initiation and multiplications. For shoot tip, highest frequency of shoot proliferation (94.3 ± 0.43)and maximum number per explants (23.4 ± 0.38) was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s medium augmented with 2.0 mg/l of 6-Benzyl Amino Purine. For nodal segments, highest frequency of shoot proliferation (90.4 ± 0.82) and maximum number (15.2 ± 0.63) per node was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s medium augmented with 1.5 mg/l of 6-Benzyl Amino Purine. Maximum percentage of callus formation (Leaves-92.4 ± 0.61; Inter-nodal -88.9 ± 0.83) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3% and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 2.0 mg/l. Highest efficiency (97.4 ± 1.36) of rooting and maximum number (6.3 ± 0.42) of rootlet per shoot let was achieved on half strength Murashige and Skoog’s medium fortified with 3 mg/l of Indole-3-Butyric acid. Regenerated plants were successfully transferred to field (78%).
In vitro
Calli
Clonal
Shoot tip
Nodal segments
2011
07
01
206
212
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7156_017381540d39c8df07a7520a6541c8d1.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
Characterization of the full length coat protein gene of Iranian Grapevine fanleaf virus isolates, genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis
Nemat
Sokhandan Bashir
Alireza
Pashaei
Hamed
Doulati-Baneh
The full-length coat protein gene of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) isolates from Iran was characterized byreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and sequencing. The expected 1515 bp coatprotein (CP) gene amplicon was obtained for 16 isolates out of 89 that were identified by double antibodysandwich enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (DASELISA) in a population of 330 symptomatic grapevineleaf samples. CP products of eight isolates were cloned and nucleotide sequences were determined.Parsimonious trees indicated that GFLV isolates from Iran formed a distinct cluster, suggesting an independent evolution.
Cloning
Coat protein
DAS-ELISA
GFLV
Parsimonious
RT-PCR
sequencing
2011
07
01
213
221
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7157_49b22a0ee366d6007bac1158c9b82993.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
ISSR markers for assessing DNA polymorphism and genetic characterization of cattle, goat and sheep populations
Nahid
Askari
Mohammadreza
Mohammad Abadi
Amin
Baghizadeh
Based on the purpose of conservation planning for native species, sixteen populations of cattle, goat andsheep were analyzed by amplification of genomic DNA using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers toestimate of genetic structure. DNA samples of 275 animals were collected to Paccess their genetic content.The polymorphism information content (PIC) values and genetic diversity in sheep populations were higherthan the others. The mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.3615, indicating that 19.42% of thegenetic diversity resided within the population. In total, 60 fragments in PCR products were indicated by usingISSR primers and generally most of the fragments were common in all populations, but differed in theirfrequency. A cluster analysis was carried out using unweighed pair group method with arithmetic averages(UPGMA) and dendrogram illustrated genetic relationships among 275 individuals in three species. Haplotypes were constructed computationally and frequencies were compared in each species. The results of this study can provide basic molecular information for future research on native livestock using ISSR markers.
ISSR markers
native livestock
polymorphism information content
UPGMA dendrogram
Haplotype
2011
07
01
222
229
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7158_5b56e670e91375919cf942a6b5797ef0.pdf
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
IRAN J BIOTECH
1728-3043
1728-3043
2011
9
3
Expression of genes encoding protein kinases during flower opening in two cut rose cultivars with different longevity
Hanife
Hajizadeh
Khadije
Razavi
Younes
Mostofi
Giovanni
Cacco
Amir
Mousavi
Zabihollah
Zamani
Piergiorgio
Stevanato
Ethylene plays an important role in wide-ranging aspects of plant growth and development, includingfruit ripening, leaf and flower senescence. In this study, the expression patterns of two genes involved in theethylene signal transduction pathway (RhCTR1 and RhCTR2) were investigated during the flower openingstages in two Rosa hybrida cultivars, ‘Black magic’ and ‘Maroussia’, which are characterized by short and longvase lives, respectively. RhCTR1 expression increased significantly during flower opening in both cultivars, but its expression level in cv. Maroussia was significantly higher than that in cv. Black magic. No variation in gene expression was detected for RhCTR2 in both cultivars. Therefore, this study showed that the vase life of the two cultivars correlated with the expression of RhCTR1, but not with that of RhCTR2, the behavior of which is typical of a constitutive gene.
Cut rose (Rosa hybrida)
Ethylene sensitivity
Gene expression
RhCTR1 and RhCTR2
2011
07
01
230
233
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7153_019b33e8512f5e45d39479932df828c6.pdf