National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Identification of Subgenomic DNAs Associated with Wheat Dwarf Virus Infection in Iran
1
8
EN
Mohamad Hamed
Ghodoum Parizipour
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani,
Iran
parizi@ramin.ac.ir
Amir
Ghaffar
Shahriari
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Higher Education Center of Eghlid, Eghlid, Iran.
shahriari.ag@eghlid.ac.ir
10.30498/IJB.2020.2472
<strong>Background:</strong> Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is a leafhopper-transmitted DNA virus which causes yellowing and stunting in wheat and barley fields leading to considerable crop loss around the world. Mainly, two host-specific forms of WDV have been characterized in wheat and barley (WDV-Wheat and WDV-Barley, respectively).<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> This study was aimed to amplify, sequence and describe subgenomic DNAs (sgDNAs) associated with WDV infection among wheat and barley plants. The nucleotide sequence of sgDNAs were then compared to that of parental genomic DNAs (gDNAs) and the differences were shown.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A total of 65 symptomatic plants were surveyed for WDV infection using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Rolling circle amplification followed by restriction analysis (RCA-RA) was applied to identify both gDNAs and sgDNAs in the infected wheat and barley plants. Nucleotide sequence of eight full-length WDV genomes and five sgDNAs were determined.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Genomic sequences of WDV-Wheat and WDV-Barley isolates obtained in this study were identified as WDV-Fand WDV-B, respectively, forming a separate cluster in the phylogenetic tree with the highest bootstrap support (100%). Sequence analysis of sgDNA molecules revealed that they have undergone different mutation events including deletions in viral genes, duplication of coding regions, and insertion of host-derived sequences.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The association of different types of sgDNAs were found in WDV-infected wheat and barley plants. The sgDNAs exhibited remarkable changes compared to their parental molecules and they might play a role in symptom severity, host genome evolution and emergence of new virus variants/species.
Mastrevirus,phylogenetic analysis,Rolling circle amplification
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121782.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121782_98d432989375243015b2975ffcf30c4b.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of the First Complete Genome of Rice tungro spherical virus in Malaysia
9
17
EN
Maathavi
Kannan
Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
p94815@siswa.ukm.edu.my
Maisarah
Mohamad Saad
Institute of Rice Research Centre, MARDI Seberang Perai, Jalan Paya Keladi/ Pinang Tunggal, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
mysara@mardi.gov.my
Zamri
Zainal
Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia;
School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
zz@ukm.edu.my
Hakimi
Kassim
Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
hakimikassim88@gmail.com
Ismanizan
Ismail
Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
maniz@ukm.edu.my
Noraini
Talip
School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
ntalip@ukm.edu.my
Syarul Nataqain
Baharum
Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
nataqain@ukm.edu.my
Hamidun
Bunawan
Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
hamidun.bunawan@ukm.edu.my
10.30498/IJB.2020.2566
<strong>Background:</strong> Rice tungro disease (RTD) is a viral disease mainly affecting rice in Asia. RTD caused by Rice tungro bacilliform virus and Rice tungro spherical virus. To date, there are only 5 RTSV isolates have been reported.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> In this study, we aimed to report the complete nucleotide sequence of Malaysian isolate of Rice tungro spherical virus Seberang Perai (RTSV-SP) for the first time. RTSV-SP was characterized and its evolutionary relationship with previously reported Indian and Philippines isolates were elucidated.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> RTSV-SP isolate was isolated from a recent outbreak in a paddy field in Seberang Perai zone of Malaysia. Its complete genome was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Sequence analysis indicated that the genome of RTSV-SP consisted of 12,173 nucleotides (nt). Comparative analysis of 6 complete genome sequences using Clustal Omega showed that Seberang Perai isolate shared the highest nucleotide identity (96.04%) with Philippine-A isolate, except that the sORF-2 of RTSV-SP is shorter than RTSV Philippine-A by 27 amino acid residues. RTSV-SP found to cluster in Southeast Asia (SEA) group based on the whole genome sequence phylogenetic analysis using MEGA X software.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Phylogenetic classification of RTSV isolates based on the complete nucleotide sequences showed more distinctive clustering pattern with the addition of RTSV-SP whole genome to the available isolates. Present study described the isolation and molecular characterization of RTSV-SP.
genome,Malaysia,Phylogeny,Rice tungro spherical virus
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121786.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121786_23b0399841bb7bb91039cf02fb304b59.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
The Role of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Antagonistic Traits of Trichoderma virens Against Rhizoctonia solani
18
28
EN
Soleiman
Ghasemi
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
s_ghasemi@ut.ac.ir
Naser
Safaie
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
nsafaie@modares.ac.ir
Samira
Shahbazi
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy organization of Iran (AEOI), Alborz, Iran.
samira.shahbazi.aeoi@gmail.com
Masoud
Shams-bakhsh
0000-0003-2923-2668
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University of Tehran, Iran
shamsbakhsh@modares.ac.ir
Hamed
Askari
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy organization of Iran (AEOI), Alborz, Iran.
askari.hamed.1983@gmail.com
10.30498/IJB.2020.2333
<strong>Background:</strong> High antagonistic ability of different Trichoderma species against a diverse range of plant pathogenic fungi has led them to be used as a biological fungicide in agriculture. They can also promote plant growth, fertility, resistance to stress, and absorption of nutrients. They are also opportunistic and symbiotic pathogens, which can lead to the activation of plant defense mechanisms.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of this present study was to investigate possible enhancement of lytic enzymes production and biocontrol activity of T. virens against Rhizoctonia solani through gamma radiation and to find the relationship between changes in lytic enzyme production and antagonistic activity of T. virens.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Dual culture conditions were used to evaluate the antagonistic effect of T. virens and its gamma mutants against R. solani. Then, their chitinase and cellulase activities were measured. For more detailed investigation of enzymes, densitometry pattern of the proteins was extracted from the T. virens wild-type and its mutants were obtained via<br />SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The mutant T.vi M8, T. virens wild-type and mutant T.vi M20 strains showed the maximum antagonistic effects against the pathogen, respectively. Data showed that the mutant T. vi M8 reduced the growth of R. solani by 58 %. The mutants revealed significantly different (p <0.05) protein contents, chitinase and cellulase production (mg.mL-1) and activity (U.mL-1) compared to the wild-type strain. The highest extracellular protein production in the supernatant of chitinase and cellulase TFM was observed for the T.vi M11 and T.vi M17 strains, respectively. The T.vi M12 and wild-type strains secreted<br />chitinase and cellulase significantly more than other strains did. Densitometry of SDS-PAGE gel bands indicated that both the amount and diversity of chitinase related proteins in the selected mutant (T. vi M8) were far higher than those of the wild-type. The diversity of molecular weight of proteins extracted from the T. virens M8 (20 proteins or bands) was very high compared to the wild-type (10 proteins) and mutant T.vi M15 (2 proteins).<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Overall, there was a strong link between the diversity of various chitinase proteins and the antagonistic properties of the mutant M8.
Biocontrol,Cellulase,Chitinase,Rhizoctonia solani,Trichoderma virens
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121811.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121811_978bd20b2f0050ba1a2cfc4500b51a1a.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Genome Wide Analysis of Citrus sinensis Heat Shock Proteins
29
38
EN
Waqar
Shafqat
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
waqar_shafqat@hotmail.com
Muhamamd
Jafar
Jaskani
0000-0001-5226-1307
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
jjaskani@uaf.edu.pk
Rizwana
Maqbool
Center for Advanced Studies, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
rizwana.maqbool@uaf.edu.pk
Ahmad
Sattar
Khan
Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
ahmad_khan157@yahoo.com
Summar
Abbas
Naqvi
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
summar.naqvi@uaf.edu.pk
Zulfiqar
Ali
Plant Breeding and Genetics, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
zulfiqar.ali@mnsuam.edu.pk
Iqrar
Ahmad
Khan
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
iqrar@uaf.edu.pk
10.30498/IJB.2020.2529
<strong>Background:</strong> Plant and animal cells possess a ubiquitous protein known as heat shock proteins (HSPs). Hsps were originally described in relation to heat shock and against abiotic and biotic stresses. Heat shock protein was classified in other crops on the bases of single classes or all classes but in Citrus sinensis Hsps groups, classes, subfamilies and members were not classified and characterized up to our knowledge.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> Present study was focused on the identification and grouping of C. sinensis Hsps (CsHsps) classes, members among classes, their phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, conserved motifs and identification of proteins by using bioinformatics tools and analyses.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Genomic, Peptide and CDS sequences of CsHsps were downloaded from phytozome. MEGA 7 used for the phylogenetic analysis, GSDS for gene structure, UGENE for the multiple sequence alignment and MEME suite for the conserved motif analysis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The genome size of C. sinensis was 367 Mb, Chromosome number (2n)18, having 151 Hsps with six groups CsHsp10, 20, 40, 60,70 and 90. CsHsp20 was the largest group having 54 members, followed by CsHsp60 and CsHsp70 both having 30 members respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> CsHsps members within a class shared more similar gene and protein structure. CsHsp 60, CsHsp 70 and CsHsp90 shared more conserved and similar amino acid pattern. Each class had some important proteins such as Cpn in CsHsp10, Hypothetical proteins in CsHsp20 and 40, Dnak in CsHsp60, Molecular chaperone in CsHsp70 and Hsp90 in CsHsp90. These proteins are produced by cells in response to stresses in citrus. Chaperonins and some hypothetical proteins identified in CsHsps, help in ATP synthesis and protein degradation. This is genome wide analysis and classification sets the groundwork for future investigations to fully characterize functionally the Citrus Hsps families and underscores the relevance of Hsps response to abiotic and biotic stresses in Citrus.<br />
Abiotic stress,Chaperones,Citrus spp,Protein assembly,Protein expression
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121803.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121803_b997cc79cf15b9f8eca703722d8521d2.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Expression Alteration of Candidate Rice MiRNAs in Response to Sheath Blight Disease
39
46
EN
Soheila
Talesh Sasani
0000000246688555
Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
sasani@guilan.ac.ir
Bahram
M. Soltani
0000-0003-2468-901X
Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
soltanib@modares.ac.ir
Rahim
Mehrabi
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
rahim.mehrabi@gmail.com
Hossein
Samavatian
Department of Plant Protection Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.
hsamavatian@yahoo.com
Fereidoun
Padasht-Dehkaei
Plant Protection Department, Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, Iran
f.padasht@areo.ir
10.30498/IJB.2020.2451
<strong>Background:</strong> MicroRNAs, as small non-coding RNAs, are recently reported to be involved in plant defense system against pathogens including fungi.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> In this research, it was intended to investigate candidate susceptible rice (Oryza Sativa) Osa-miRNA expression alteration following the infection by Rhizoctonia solani.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> To this aim, literature review suggested eight conserved plant miRNAs that are involved in other plant-pathogen interactions. Then, sixty days old rice plants (Hashemi, susceptible cultivar) were inoculated with R. solani and candidate miRNA expression alterations were investigated 2 hpi (hours post inoculation), 2 dpi (days post inoculation) and 6 dpi.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> RT-qPCR analysis suggested four subgroups of candidate miRNAs based on the time of their responses to the pathogenesis of R. solani. While Osa-miR-156 was early-responsive, Osa-miR159 was the last-responsive and Osa-miR167, Osa-miR171, Osa-miR408, and Osa-miR444 were late responsive to R. solani infection. Osa-miR166 and Osa-miR393 were non-responsive to this infection, compared to the mock-inoculated control group. Consistently, Os-SPL3 and Os-MADS known target genes were expressed in reverse correlation to Osa-miR156 and Osa-miR444, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> From these data, it is suggested that both early (Osa-miR-156) and late (Osa-miR167, Osa-miR171, OsamiR408, Osa-miR444) responsive miRNAs might be involved in R. solani infection in rice plants.
miRNA,Rhizoctonia solani,Rice plant
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_111374.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_111374_cfccb93c9389b5a1aa4ba955ff03bd5a.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Optimization of Callus Induction with Enhancing Production of Phenolic Compounds Production and Antioxidants Activity in Callus Cultures of Nepeta binaloudensis Jamzad (Lamiaceae)
47
55
EN
Mostafa
Sagharyan
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
mo-sa954@mail.um.ac.ir
Ali
Ganjeali
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
mostafasaghar@gmail.com
Monireh
Cheniany
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
cheniany@um.ac.ir
Seyed Mousa
Mousavi Kouhi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
smmousavi@birjand.ac.ir
10.30498/IJB.2020.2621
<strong>Background:</strong> World Health Organization (WHO) reported that more than 80% of people in the world use herbal traditional medicines nowadays. Many endemic medicinal plants, especially Nepeta species, are facing to extinction as a result of high harvesting, limited distribution, and habitat destruction.Tissue culture is a successful method for plant secondary metabolites production. Nepeta binaloudensis is a medicinal plant belonging to family Lamiaceae.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> Our study was focused on devising an optimum procedure for callus induction and phenolic compounds production in N. binaloudensis. First, we are focused on finding suitable explants and media for callus induction. Then, subsequent experiments were conducted to find an optimal concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and reducedglutathione for maximum biomass production, and phenolic compounds production in calli.<br /><strong>Material and Method:</strong> In this study, the usage of whole plant grown in Hoagland nutrient solution, were used as a source of explants. Also, different media including, ½ MS, MS, and B5 and different combination of PGRs (NAA and BAP) were used for optimization of calli induction.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Based on the results of the first experiment, leaf-originated explants, and macro half strength MS (½ MS) medium were used for the next experiments. The highest FW (Fresh Weight) and DW (Dry Weight) of calli were observed in ½ MS medium, supplemented with 2 μM/L reduced-glutathione, 2 mg.L-1 BAP, and 2 mg.L-1 NAA. The maximum amount of total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin contents and free-radical scavenger were observed in calli which were grown in ½ MS medium supplemented with 2 μM/L reduced-glutathione, 2 mg.L-1 BAP, and 2 mg.L-1 NAA.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study finds the optimum condition for calli induction and phenolic compounds production in N. binaloudensis.
Endangered plant,Medicinal plant,Optimization callus induction,Phenolic Compounds,Radical scavenging,Tissue culture. 1/2 MS (Macro half strength MS)
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121808.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121808_c8a01667894ff8a82a06ca08e769599e.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Distribution and Classification of Dehydrins in Selected Plant Species Using Bioinformatics Approach
56
66
EN
Nadir
Zaman
0000-0003-0405-2724
Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
nadir.zaman@uom.edu.pk
Shahzadi
Lal
Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
shahzadi32@yahoo.com
Waqar
Ali
Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
waqarali04@yahoo.com
Muhammad
Aasim
Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
takkar4u@gmail.com
Saqib
Mumtaz
Department of Biosciences, COMSAT University, Islamabad, Pakistan
saqib.mumtaz@comsats.edu.pk
Atif
kamil
Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
atifkamil@awkum.edu.pk
Noor
Shad
Bibi
Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
noorshad@wkum.edu.pk
10.30498/IJB.2020.2680
<strong>Background:</strong> Plant growth, reproduction and yields are severely damaged under adverse environmental stresses. These stresses can be either biotic or abiotic, and many stress related proteins are expressed in response to these stresses. Among these proteins dehydrins are reported to have a role primarily in the abiotic stresses. Dehydrins are very diverse proteins and a uniform annotation system is needed for their functional characterization in the future research.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of the present work is to identify, classify and analyze the expression of dehydrin proteins under different biotic and abiotic stresses in the selected plant species by using different computational tools.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Prosite database is used for dehydrin proteins identification, and to conform the location of conserved motifs in selected plant species. The dehydrins extracted from uniprot database were annotated, based on the ensemble plant gene id. Subcellular localization was predicted using PSI predictor tool. Dehydrin expression analyses were<br />retrieved form the genevestigator tool.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Dehydrins were annotated on the basis of dehydrin gene locus and conserved motifs available in different domain databases. Dehydrins were identified and annotated in Arabidopsis thaliana (13), Glycine max (12), Zea mays (05), Oryza<br />sativa (11), Solanum tuberosum (05), Solanum lycopersicum (06), Triticum aestivum (32) and Vitis vinifera (06). It has been proposed that dehydrins are located primarily in cytosol and nucleus. Based on genevestigater expression analyses the plant species selected for this study contain all the classes of dehydrins, namely YnSKn, Kn, SKn, and YnKn; except class KnS.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dehydrins are diverse proteins and a uniform classification is introduced for their better characterization. The distribution of dehydrins in different tissues and developmental stages suggest an important function throughout plant<br />growth cycle. It has also been concluded that dehydrins expressed particularly in drought, cold and salt stresses, and may have limited role in heat, anoxia, heavy-metal and biotic stresses as well.
Bioinformatics,Dehydrins,Stresses,Plant species
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121809.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121809_5b453d1f42045f3a1daffb4f2b8b2826.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Structural Studies on an Anti-Angiogenic Peptide Using Molecular Modeling
67
76
EN
Elham
Assareh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
e_assareh@phd.guilan.ac.ir
Faramarz
Mehrnejad
0000-0002-2991-3079
Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mehrnejad@ut.ac.ir
S. Mohsen
Asghari
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
sm_asghari@guilan.ac.ir
10.30498/IJB.2020.2553
<strong>Background:</strong> Development of VEGF antagonists, which inhibit its interaction with the receptors, is a widely used strategy for the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> In the present study, a VEGFR-1 antagonistic peptide was designed and its potential for binding to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was evaluated by theoretical studies.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Based on the X-ray structure of VEGF-B/VEGFR-1 D2 (PDB ID: 2XAC), an antagonistic peptide (known as VGB1) was designed, and its model structure was constructed using homology modeling in the MODELLER, version 9.16. The validity of the modeled structures was estimated employing several web tools. Finally, one model was<br />chosen and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was applied using the GROMACS package, version 5.1.4, to allow conformational relaxation of the structure. Next, docking process of the peptide with VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was performed by HADDOCK web server and the docking structures were optimized by MD simulation for 20 ns. The far-UV circular<br />dichroism (CD) spectrum of VGB1 was recorded to evaluate the overall structure of the peptide.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The far-UV CD spectrum indicated that VGB1 contains α helix structure. The results from docking studies suggested that Van der Waals and nonpolar interactions play the most important role in the peptide binding to VEGFR-1. In addition, our results implicated the relevance of both Van der Waals and electrostatic interactions in the formation of complex between VGB1 and VEGFR-2. In addition to the common binding residues in the corresponding region of VEGF-A and VEGF-B, additional binding residues also were predicted for the interaction of VGB1 with VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of MD and molecular docking simulations predicted that VGB1 recognizes both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, which may lead to the prevention of the downstream signaling triggered by these receptors.<br />
Antagonistic peptide,Docking,MD simulation,VEGFR
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121806.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121806_444367a1ac1680bbb1edbe73669a9944.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
The Association between Immune Infiltration and Clinical Phenotypes and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
77
87
EN
Hua
Lin
School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing,
100069, China
hualin7750@139.com
Hong
Xia
School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing,
100069, China
6357649@qq.com
Zheng
Wei-ying
School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing,
100069, China
zhengwy2013@sina.com
10.30498/IJB.2020.2538
<strong>Background:</strong> Some evidences show that immune infiltration is closely related to the clinical outcomes in cancers such as colorectal cancer. However, previous studies have not explained the diversity of cell types that make up the immune response. In particular, although some studies and reviews have shown that immunotherapy is important for cancer treatment, few studies have elucidated the relationship between prostate cancer (PCa) phenotype and immune infiltration.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> In this study, we analyzed whether different types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells would affect the clinical phenotypes and survival of PCa based on a deconvolution algorithm and annotated gene expression profiles.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The 22 subsets of immune cells inferred by CIBERSORT and the infiltration abundance of 6 immune cells calculated by TIMER were used to determine the associations between them and the PCa traits and survival response. In addition, the survival tree models were constructed to classify PCa patients into four subtypes, and the traits and prognosis were compared among these subtypes.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> As a result, we found that some PCa patients with high death risk lacking immune infiltration were related to the poor prognosis. For the cell subsets studied and subtypes analysis, a low proportion of mast resting cells and T-cells follicular<br />helper exhibited the obvious association with poor outcome.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In summary, our study suggested the differences in the cellular composition of the immune infiltrate in PCa, and these differences might be important determinants for PCa traits and prognosis.<br /><br />
Genomic signature,Immune infiltration,Prostate Cancer
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121804.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121804_26ad9241b7483f2b69de59f16effa16d.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Cultivation of Mixed Microalgae Using Municipal Wastewater: Biomass Productivity, Nutrient Removal, and Biochemical Content
88
97
EN
Alireza
Fallahi
Green Technology Laboratory (GTL), School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
alirezafallahi1994@gmail.com
Nima
Hajinajaf
Green Technology Laboratory (GTL), School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
nimahajinajaf@gmail.com
Omid
Tavakoli
0000-0001-5332-9457
Green Technology Laboratory (GTL), School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
otavakoli@ut.ac.ir
Mohammad-Hossein
Sarrafzadeh
UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse (UCWR), School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
sarrafzdh@ut.ac.ir
10.30498/IJB.2020.2586
<strong>Background:</strong> Microalgal biotechnology has gained much attention previously. Monoculture algae cultivation has been carried out extensively in the last decades. However, although the mixed microalgae cultivation has some advantageous over pure cultures, there is still a lack of knowledge about the performance of mixed cultures.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> In this study, it has been tried to investigate all growth aspects of marine and freshwater microalgal species in a mixed culture and their biological effects on biomass growth and composition based on wastewater nutrient consumption.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Three algal species of Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Nannochloropsis sp. were cultivated in saline wastewater individually, then the effects of mixing the three strains on biomass productivity, nutrient removal efficiency, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and lipid content were investigated.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The obtained results revealed that the mixed culture of three strains showed the highest biomass productivity of 191 mg. L-1.d-1. Also, while there were no significant differences between the performance of mono and mixed culture of algal species in the removal efficiency of wastewater nutrients, the three-strain microalgal mixed culture showed the highest values of 3.5 mg.L-1.d-1 and 5.75 mg.L-1.d-1 in the removal rate of phosphate and nitrate, respectively. In terms of total chlorophyll and carotenoid per produced biomass, however, the mixed culture of three species showed the lowest values of<br />4.08 and 0.6 mg. g biomass-1, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The finding proves the potential of attractive and economically feasible mixed microalgae cultivation for high percentage nutrient removal and microalgal biomass production.
Biomass production,Mixed microalgae,nutrient removal,Saline wastewater
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_111451.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_111451_6114f742d66b6613fe47afcc751573b1.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Hepcidin Gene Cloning and Expression Pattern in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) after Vibrio. anguillarum Infection
98
105
EN
Deng
Aifang
First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR), Qingdao, China;
Marine Ecology and Enviromental Science Laboratory, Qingdao, China.
dengaifang@fio.org.cn
Jiang
Zhihui
First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR), Qingdao, China;
Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
jiangzhihui@fio.org.cn
10.30498/IJB.2020.2767
<strong>Background:</strong> Antimicrobial peptides play crucial roles in organisms as the first line of defense against invading pathogens.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> To isolate the hepcidin (hepc1) gene from the liver of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) challenged with Vibrio anguillarum (GenBank accession number: AM113708), characterize it, and assess its expression level in various tissues.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The DNA sequence of hepcidin from S. maximus was determined from the total RNA extracted and reverse transcribed from this fish. The expression levels of tissue-specific hepcidin transcripts were determined using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Hepcidin levels increased in the livers, head kidneys and spleens of the fish. The transcriptional increase was especially noticeable in the liver after bacterial infection commencement. The presence of hepcidin and interleukin-beta (IL-1β) in blood leukocytes was compared at the transcription level and hepcidin transcripts were detected earlier than IL-1β transcripts after infection, indicating that hepcidin might serve as the first line of defense to kill bacteria and may also play a more direct and effective role than that of IL-1β during the initial stage of the innate immune response when turbot are exposed to bacteria invasion.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hepcidin might serve as the first line of defense to kill bacteria and may also play a more direct and effective role than that of IL-1β during the initial stage of the innate immune response when turbot are exposed to bacteria invasion.
Hepcidin,Infection,Interleukin-beta,Scophthalmus maximus,Turbot,Vibrio anguillarum
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121810.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121810_fc2d7691fac2d120155d9fdfc892ccb7.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Effects of Linker Flexibility and Conformational Changes of IP3 Receptor on Split Luciferase Complementation Assay
106
114
EN
Maryam
Moradi
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
m_moradi891@yahoo.com
Saman
Hosseinkhani
0000-0002-0345-7909
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
saman_h@modares.ac.ir
Seyed Shahriar
Arab
0000-0002-2739-1617
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
sh.arab@modares.ac.ir
Anahita
khammari
0000-0002-7666-8328
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
a.khammari@ut.ac.ir
10.30498/IJB.2020.2423
<strong>Background:</strong> IP3-induced Ca2+ release, mediated by IP3R, is one of the most momentous cellular signaling mechanisms that regulate in a wide variety of essential cellular functions. Involvement of disrupted IP3 signaling pathways in numerous pathophysiology conditions is implicated to find the best methods for its measurement. Hence, several different biosensors have developed to monitor temporal changes of IP3 by using the IP3-binding domain of IP3 receptors.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> Based on a previous study, we developed and characterized a series of bioluminescent biosensors using the human type-II IP3 receptor ligand binding domain (residues 1–604), named LAIRE (luminescent analyzer for IP3 receptor element) to study the effect of flexible and rigid linkers on the luminescence intensity of split luciferase. The effect of a mutation in IP3 binding residues and suppressor domain in the IP3 binding domain on luciferase complementary assay is also investigated.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In the present study, first IP3-binding domain (residues 1-604) of IP3-receptor type 2 (LAIRE) was fused between complementary non-functional fragments of firefly luciferase and then the rigid linker sequence (LLRAIEAQQHLL), selected by ProDA database, introduced between Nluc and ligand binding domain and compared with that of the flexible linker ((GGGGS)2) in LAIRE chimera. The IP3-insensitive mutant of the biosensor was constructed using the Stratagene QuikChange® procedure. In order to the analysis of the dynamical movements of selected structures in the large-scale, coarse-graining method of molecular dynamics simulation (1μs) was applied.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> As expected, the flexible linker brings two inactive fragments of luciferase together relative to the rigid linker and leads to complementation of luciferase activity, which is detected using luciferin. However, this conformational flexibility in linker increases background to noise ratio and attenuates fold induction.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It seems that the ligand binding properties of IP3 binding core make it more suitable for the design of biosensor than the ligand binding domain.
IP3,Molecular Modeling,Molecular Dynamic Simulation,Split Luciferase
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121812.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121812_37b187a7a2643400503dd69a80e2b60a.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Streptococcus Pyogenes Exposed to Malaysian Trigona Honey In Vitro Demonstrated Downregulation of Virulence Factor
115
123
EN
Mohammad
A.
Al-kafaween
0000-0001-7571-1227
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
mohammadalkafaween25@yahoo.com
Mohd Hilmi
Abu Bakar
0000-0002-3829-5428
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
mhilmiab@unisza.edu.my
Hamid
A. Nagi
Al-Jamal
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
aljamalhamid@unisza.edu.my
Nour
A.
Elsahoryi
Department of Nutrition /Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences/University of Petra/Amman/Jordan
nour.elsahoryi@uop.edu.jo
Norzawani
Binti
Jaffar
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
zawanijaffar@unisza.edu.my
Mohd
khairi
Zahri
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
khairizahri@unisza.edu.my
10.30498/IJB.2020.2542
<strong>Background:</strong> Honey has been known as a traditional medicine for centuries with its antibacterial properties. It is considered one of the most enduring substances used in wound management.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aimed to: (i) evaluate the effects of Malaysian Trigona honey on bacterial structure and (ii) assess the anti-virulence potential of this honey by examining their impacts on the expression of selected genes (involved in stress survival and biofilm formation) in a test organism.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Trigona honey’s impacts on the bacterial structure (cell morphology) and the expression profiles of select Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes genes were examined using scanning electron microscopy<br />(SEM) and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, respectively.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> SEM showed that the decreased cell density deformed, disrupted, and damaged cells for both bacteria. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of fleN, fleQ, and fleR genes of P.aeruginosa were decreased, 4.26-fold, 3.80-fold and 2.66- fold respectively. In addition, scpA, ftsY, and emm13 of S.pyogenes were decreased, 2.87-fold, 3.24-fold, and 4.65-fold respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our results indicate that Trigona honey may be an effective inhibitor and virulence modulator of P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes via multiple molecular targets. This deduction needs to be investigated in vivo.
differential expression,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,RT-qPCR,Scanning electron microscope (SEM),Streptococcus pyogenes,virulence
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121805.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121805_ab95921827263a1a1aaabc71101266cd.pdf
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
1728-3043
2322-2921
18
4
2020
12
01
Investigation of Supercharging as A Strategy to Enhance the Solubility and Plasminogen Cleavage Activity of Reteplase
124
131
EN
Hooria
Seyedhosseini Ghaheh
0000-0002-1866-0686
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
hooria.hosseini@gmail.com
Mohamad Reza
Ganjalikhany
0000-0002-6865-0814
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
ganjalikhany@gmail.com
Parichehreh
Yaghmaei
0000-0001-5899-6777
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
yaghmaei_p@yahoo.com
Morteza
Pourfarzam
0000-0002-9563-8044
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
pourfarzam@pharm.mui.ac.ir
Hamid
Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
0000-0002-4834-4502
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
h_sadeghi@pharm.mui.ac.ir
10.30498/IJB.2020.2556
<strong>Background:</strong> Reteplase, the recombinant form of tissue plasminogen activator, is a thrombolytic drug with outstanding characteristics, while demonstrating limited solubility and reduced plasminogen activation. Previously, we in silico designed a variant of Reteplase with positively supercharged surface, which showed promising stability, solubility and activity. This study was devoted to evaluation of the utility of supercharging technique for enhancing these characteristics in Reteplase.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> To test the hypothesis that reinforced surface charge of a rationally-designed Reteplase variant will not compromise its stability, will increase its solubility, and will enhance its plasminogen cleavage activity.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Supercharged Reteplase coding sequence was cloned in pDest527 vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The expressed protein was extracted by cell disruption. Inclusion bodies were solubilized using guanidine hydrochloride, followed by dialysis for protein refolding. After confirmation with SDS-PAGE and western blotting, extracted proteins were assayed for solubility and tested for bioactivity.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis confirmed the successful expression of Reteplase. Western blot experiments showed most of Reteplase expressed in the insoluble form. Plasminogen cleavage assay showed significantly higher activity<br />of the supercharged variant than the wild type protein (P < 0.001). The stability of the supercharged variant was also comparable to the wild type.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our findings, i.e. the contribution of the surface supercharging technique to retained stability, enhanced plasminogen cleavage activity, while inefficiently changed solubility of Reteplase, contain implications for future designs of soluble variants of this fibrinolytic protein drug.
Activity,Protein engineering,Reteplase,Solubility,Surface Supercharging
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121807.html
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_121807_062cf1978b24b5fa3e730f333fa6d7bc.pdf