ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Immobilization of Streptomyces gulbargensis in Polyurethane Foam: A Promising Technique for L-asparaginase Production on
In the present study, Streptomyces gulbargensis and its mutant form, S.gulbargensis mu24, immobilized on polyurethane foam were investigated for the production of L-asparaginase using groundnut cake extract as medium. The medium with an initial pH of 8.5 was inoculated with free and immobilized cells separately and then subjected to fermentation by incubation at 40oC and shaking at 200 rev/min. In the immobilized cell system, enzyme production was enhanced by approximately 30% compared to the conventional free-cell fermentation. The immobilized cells were subjected to repeated batch fermentation processes to determine their reusability. These cells retained their ability to produce L-asparaginase over seven cycles and the activities remained between 16.2-41.3 IU/ml and 39-60 IU/ml for S.gulbargensis and S.gulbargensis mu24, respectively. The maximum enzyme titer was obtained during the third batch by both strains. However, the mutant strain was more potent for L-asparaginase production than the prototype. Therefore, the polyurethane foam immobilized cells of S.gulbargensis mu24 can be proposed as an effective biocatalyst, which can be repeatedly used for maximum production of L-asparaginase.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7085_c574cdc1de9823e7f5ec5ad3594c3a2a.pdf
2009-10-01
199
204
L-asparaginase
Streptomyces gulbargen sis
Groundnut cake extract
Immobilization
Polyurethane Foam
Lingappa
Kattimani
lingappa_micro@rediffmail.com
1
Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106, Karnataka, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Syeda
Amena
2
Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Vishalakshi
Nandareddy
3
Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Prabhakar
Mujugond
4
Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Abdel-Fatteh YR, Olama ZA (2002). L-asparaginase production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in solid-state culture: evaluation and optimization of culture conditions using factorial designs. Process Biochem. 38: 115-122.
1
Anson ML (1938). The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain, and cathepsin with hemoglobin. J Gen Physiol. 22: 79-89.
2
Beshay U (2003). Production of alkaline protease by Teredinobacter turnirae cells immobilized in Ca-alginate beads. Afr J Biotechnol. 2: 60-65.
3
Dastager SG, Li WJ, Dayanand A, Sulochna MB, Tang SK, Tian XP, Zhi XY (2007). Streptomyces gulbargensis sp. nov., isolated from soil in Karnataka, India. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 91: 99-104.
4
Ding CH, Diang ZQ, Li XT, Li LQ, Kusakabe I (2003). High activity xylanase production by Streptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 20: 7-10.
5
Gardener JF, James LV, Rubbo SD (1956). Production of citric acid by mutants of Aspergillus niger. J Gen Microbiol. 14: 228-239.
6
Imada A, Igarasi S, Nakahama K, Isono M (1973). Asparaginase and glutaminase activities of microorganisms. J Gen Microbiol. 76: 85-89.
7
Kapoor M, Beg QK, Bushan B, Dadhich KH, Hoondal GS (2000). Production and partial purification and characterization of a thermo-alkalistable polygalactouronase from Bacillus sp.Mg-cp-2. Process Biochem. 36: 467- 473.
8
Kar S, Ray RC (2008). Statistical optimization of á-amylase production by Streptomyces erumpens MTCC 7317 cells in calcium alginate beads using response surface methodology. Pol J Microbiol. 57: 49-57.
9
Kuhad RC, Kapoor M, Rustagi R (2004). Enhanced production of an alkaline pectinase by Streptomyces sp. RCK-SC by whole-cell immobilization and solid-state cultivation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 20: 257-263.
10
Lingappa K, Vivek Babu CS (2005). Production of lovastatin by solid state fermentation of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) pods using Aspergillus terreus KLVB28. Ind J Microbiol. 45: 283-286.
11
Liu FS, Zajic JE (1973). Effect of oxygen-transfer rate on production of L-asparaginase by Erwinia aroideae. Can J Microbiol. 19: 1153-1158.
12
Manna S, Sinha A, Sadhukan R, Chakrabarty SL (1995). Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of L-asparaginase isolated from Pseudomonas stutzeri MB-405. Curr Microbiol. 30: 291-298.
13
Mukherjee J, Majumdar S, Scheper T (2000). Studies on nutritional and oxygen requirements for production of L-asparaginase by Enterobacter aerogenes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 53: 180-184.
14
Patil NK, Veeranagouda Y, Vijaykumar MH, Anand Nayak S, Karegoudar TB (2006). Enhanced and potential degradation of o-phthalate by Bacillus sp. immobilized cells in alginate and polyurethane. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. 57: 82-87.
15
Prakasham RS, Subba Rao Ch, Sreenivas Rao R, Suvarna Lakshmi G, Sarma PN (2006). L-asparaginase production by isolated Staphylococcus sp.-6A: design of experiment considering interaction effect for process parameter optimization. J Appl Microbiol. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-72.2006.03173.x published online).
16
Pramod T, Lingappa K (2008). Immobilization of Aspergillus niger in polyurethane foam for citric acid production from carob pod extract. Am J Food Technol. 3: 252-256.
17
Pritsa AA, Kyriakidis DA (2000). L-asparaginase of Thermus thermophilus: Purification, properties and identification of essential amino acids for its catalytic activity.J Mol Cel Biochem. 216: 93-101.
18
Reyed MR (2007). Biosynthesis and properties of extracellular amylase by encapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum in batch culture. Aus J Basic Appl Sci. 1: 7-14.
19
Romaskevic T, Budriene S, Pielichowski K Pielichowski J (2006). Application of polyurethane based materials for immobilization of enzymes and cells: A review. Chemija 17: 74-89.
20
Srinivasalu B, Ellaiah P (2005). Production of neomycin using immobilized cells of Streptomyces marinensis NUV-5. Saudi Pharm J. 13: 74-82.
21
Swain AI, Jaskolski M, Housset D, Mohan Rao JK, Wlodawer A (1993). Crystal structure of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase, an enzyme used in cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90: 1474-1478.
22
Verma N, Kumar K, Kaur G, Anand S (2007). L-asparaginase: A promising chemotherapeutic agent. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 27: 45-62.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biotransformation of Albendazole by Cunninghamella blakesleeana:Influence of Incubation Time, Media, Vitamins and Solvents
The present investigation was aimed at studying the effect of incubation period, media, vitamins and solvents on biotransformation of albendazole by Cunninghamella blakesleeana. The transformation was evaluated and identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the structures of the transformed products were assigned by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. The fungus was found to metabolize albendazole into albendazole sulfoxide (M1), albendazole sulfone (M2) and the N-methyl metabolite of albendazole sulfoxide (M3). Incubation period was found to influence the biotransformation significantly; 4 days was found to be optimum, but the effect was neither linear nor progressive. There was a significant effect of medium on the extent of biotransformation, with the highest substrate depletion produced by the glucose broth. The media also influenced qualitative metabolite formation. Presence of thiamine in the glucose media produced the maximum extent of transformation when compared to other vitamins studied. Dimethylformamide produced a higher extent of biotransformation. The fermentor was found to produce an increased level of biotransformation as compared to that obtained in shake flasks.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7068_0fb6d42771551e7f3b1fde8c97528fdb.pdf
2009-10-01
205
215
Albendazole
Fungal biotransformation
Fermentor
Media
Solvents
Vitamins
Shyam
Gurram
shyamprasad1919@yahoo.com
1
Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, AP, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Narasimha
Kollu
2
Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, AP, India
AUTHOR
Girisham
Sivadevuni
3
Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, AP, India
AUTHOR
Madhusudan
Solipuram
4
Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, AP, India
AUTHOR
Bilgrami KS, Varma RN (1978). Physiology of fungi, 2nd Edition, Vikas Publishing House Private Limited, Ghaziabad, UP, India, PP. 274-297.
1
Bogan JA, Marriner SE (1984). Pharmacodynamic and toxicological aspects of albendazole in man and animals. In: Albendazole in helminthiasis, ed., M. Fock, Royal Society of Medicine International Congress and Symposium, Series 61, Royal Society of Medicine, London, PP. 13-21.
2
Benchaoui HA, Scott EW, McKellar QA (1993). Pharmacokinetics of albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide and netobimin in goats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 16: 237-240.
3
Chatterjee T, Bhattacharyya DK (2001). Biotransformation of limonene by Pseudomonas putida. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 55: 541-546.
4
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5
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6
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7
El Amri HS, Fargetton X, Delatour P, Batt AM (1987). Sulphoxidation of albendazole by the FAD-containing and cytochrome P-450 dependent mono-oxygenases from pig liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 10: 1159-1168.
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9
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11
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12
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13
Hickman D, Wang J, Wang Y, Unadkat JD (1998). Evaluation of the selectivity of in vitro probes and suitability of organic solvents for the measurement of human cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities. Drug Metab Dispos. 26: 207-215.
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
Prasad GS, Girisham S, Reddy SM, Srisailam K (2008b). Biotransformation of albendazole by fungi: Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 24: 2055-2059.
29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
Zhang W, Ye M, Qu GQ, Wu WY, Chen YJ, Guo DA (2005). Microbial hydroxylation of cinobufagin by Mucor spinosus. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 7: 225-229.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Biosurfactant Produced by Alcaligenes faecalis
A bacterial strain (designated as Alcaligenes sp. MS-103) isolated from oil sample of the Aghajari oilfield in the south of Iran, was able to produce an effective extracellular lipopolysaccharide biosurfactant (1.2±0.05 g/l) on molasses as a sole carbon source. The highest surface tension reduction to level 20 mN/m was achieved by biosurfactant produced by cells grown on molasses under optimum conditions. The optimum values of carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), salinity, pH and temperature for biosurfactant production were determined as 60:1, 7.5%, 7.0 and 50°C, respectively. Biosurfactant flooding experiments were carried out on both fractured and unfractured carbonate cores. The highest recovery of residual oil among different experiments was about 10.7% in the unfractured cores. Oil displacement indicates that recovery of crude oil can be increased by 9.2% from fractured core with a permeability of 12 mD. The results showed that the biosurfactant produced by Alcaligenes sp. MS-103 has the potential for industrial applications and may be used in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR).
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7076_051184621db2c7903b9ca6da19973a5e.pdf
2009-10-01
216
223
Alcaligenes
Biosurfactant
Carbonate reservoir
Core Flooding
Crude Oil
MEOR
Surface tension
Hossein
Salehizadeh
h_salehizadeh@eng.ui.ac.ir
1
Biotechnology Group, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box 8174673441, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
and
Chemical Engineering Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box 8174673441, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saleh
Mohammadizad
2
Chemical Engineering Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box 8174673441, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Abtahi N, Roostaazad R, Ghadiri F (2003). Biosurfactant production in MEOR for improvement of Iran’s oil reservoirs’ production experimental approach. SPE84907. In: Proceedings of the 2003 SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in Asia Pacific. October 20-21, Kuala Lumpur.
1
Beckman J W (1926). The action of bacteria on mineral oil. Ind Eng Chem. 4: 23-26.
2
Bodour AA, Miller-Maier RM (1998). Application of a modified drop-collapse technique for surfactant quantification and screening of biosurfactant-producing microorganism. Microbiol Methods. 32: 273-280.
3
Bryant RS (1987). Potential uses of microorganisms in petroleum recovery technology. Proc Okla Acad Sci. 67: 97-104.
4
Cooper DG, Goldenberg BG (1987). Surface-active agent from two Bacillus species. Appl Environ Microbiol. 53: 224-229.
5
Desai JD, Banat IM (1997). Microbial production of surfactants and their commercial potential. Microbiol Mol Biol. 61: 47-64.
6
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7
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8
Ghojavand H, Vahabzadeh F, Mehranian M, Radmehr M, Shahraki KH, Zolfagharian F, Emadi MA, Roayaei E (2008). Isolation of thermotolerant, halotolerant, facultative biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotech. 80: 1073-1085.
9
Halley RB, Schmoker JW (1983). High porosity cenozoic carbonate rocks of south Florida: progressive loss of porosity with depth. Am Assoc Pet Geol Bull. 67: 191-200.
10
Jinfeng L, Lijun M, Bozhong M, Rulin L, Fangtian N, Jiaxi Z (2005). The field pilot of microbial enhanced oil recovery in a high temperature petroleum reservoir. Pet Sci Eng. 48: 265-271.
11
Joshi S, Bharucha C, Jha S, Yadav S, Nerurkar A, Desai AJ (2008). Biosurfactant production using molasses and whey under thermophilic conditions. Biores Tech. 99: 195-199.
12
Kersters K, De Ley J (1984). Genus Alcaligenes Castellani and Chalmers 1919, 936AL. In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. PP. 361-373.
13
Mac Faddin JF (2000). Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.
14
Mei S, Wei L, Guangzhi L, Peihui H, Zhaowei H, Xinghong C, Ying W (2003). Laboratory study on MEOR after polymer flooding. SPE84865. In: Proceedings of the SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in Asia Pacific, October 20-21, Kuala Lumpur.
15
Mulligan CN, Cooper DG, Neufeld RJ (1984). Selection of microbes producing biosurfactants in media without hydrocarbons. Ferment Technol, 62: 311-314.
16
Poremba K, Gunkel W, Lang S, Wagner F (1991). Marine biosurfactants, III. Toxicity testing with marine microorganisms and comparison with synthetic surfactants. Z Naturforsch. 46: 210-216.
17
Pornsunthorntawee O, Arttaweeporn N, Paisanjit S., Somboonthanate P, Abe M, Rujiravanit R, Chavadej S (2008). Isolation and comparison of biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis PT2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SP4 for microbial surfactant-enhanced oil recovery. Biochem Eng J. 42: 172-179.
18
Ramirez WF (1987). Application of optimal control theory to enhanced oil recovery. Elsevier Scientific Publisher, Amsterdam, NL. First edition.
19
Rashedi H, Jamshidi, E, Mazaheri Assadi M, Bonakdarpour B (2005). Isolation and production of biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Iranian southern wells oil. Environ Sci Tech. 2: 121-127.
20
Standnes DC, Austad T (2000). Wettability alteration in chalk 2: mechanism for wettability alteration from oil to water using surfactants. Pet Sci Eng. 28: 123-143.
21
Toledo FL, Gonzalez J, Calvo C (2008). Production of bioemulsifier by Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter species in liquid culture. Biores Technol. 99: 8470-8475.
22
Youssef NH, Duncan KE, Nagle DP, Savage KN, Knapp RM, McInerney MJ (2004). Comparison of methods to detect biosurfactant production by diverse microorganisms. Microbiol Methods. 56: 339-347.
23
Zekri AY, El-Mehaideb RA (2002). Microbial and waterflooding of fractured carbonate rocks: an experimental approach. SPE75217. In: Proceedings of the SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, April 13-17, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
24
Zobell CE (1946). Bacteriological process for treatment of fluid-bearing earth formation. US Patent NO. 2413278.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Concomitant Lycopene Biosynthesis on CoQ10 Accumulation in Transformed Escherichia coli Strains
CoQ10 and lycopene are isoprenoid compounds with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical benefits. In this study, the effect of concomitant lycopene biosynthesis on CoQ10 accumulation in transformed Escherichia coli DH5α was studied. A lycopene production pathway including geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (crtE), phytoene synthase (crtB), and phytoene desaturase (crtI) from Erwinia herbicola was constructed in two CoQ10-producing E. coli strains. E. coli Ba and E. coli Br containing dds orthologs encoding for decaprenyl diphosphate synthase (Dds), respectively from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhodobacter sphaeroides were transformed by the lycopene pathway resulting in E. coli Ba-lyc and E. coli Br-lyc. The lycopene pathway in E. coli Br-lyc interestingly resulted in a significant increase in CoQ10 production from 564 ± 28 to 989 ± 22 mg /g DCW. To confirm that the improvement of CoQ10 production in E. coli Br-lyc was due to lycopene biosynthesis and not just geranylgeranyl diphosphate formation in the lycopene pathway, crtE was only introduced into E. coli Ba and E. coli Br strains. Surprisingly, crtE expression had adverse effects on CoQ10 production in both strains. The results shed light on the Dds-catalyzed reaction as a bottleneck controlled by precursors; and the efficiency of a parallel lycopene pathway to streamline the flow of metabolites.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7077_8a9e8b644634718ee970bf3e7b581647.pdf
2009-10-01
224
232
Coenzyme Q10
Decaprenyl diphosphate synthase
Escherichia coli
lycopene
Metabolic engineering
Hossein
Shahbani Zahiri
shahbani@nigeb.ac.ir
1
Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kambiz
Akbari Noghabi
2
Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Samoodi
3
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19569, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Negar
Omid Yeganeh
4
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19569, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Abolhassani Rad
5
Department of Agricultur, Science and Research Campus of Azad University, P.O. Box 1477893855, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Azam
Safari
6
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19569, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Fateme
Hoseini
7
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19569, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Hajhosseini
8
Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19569, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Alleva R, Tomasetti M, Battino M, Curatola G, Littarru GP, Folkers K (1995). The roles of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E on the peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein subfractions. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 92: 9388-9391.
1
Casali N, Preston A (2003). E. coli Plasmid Vectors. Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press Inc. 235: 49-53.
2
Cluis CP, Burja AM, Martin VJJ (2007). Current prospects for the production of coenzyme Q10 in microbes. Trends Biotechnol. 25: 514-521.
3
Ernster L, Dallner G (1995). Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1271: 195-204.
4
Groneberg DA, Kindermann B, Althammer M, Klapperc M, Vormannd J, Littarrue GP, Döring F (2005). Coenzyme Q10 affects expression of genes involved in cell signalling, metabolism and transport in human CaCo-2 cells. Int J Biochem Cell B. 37: 1208-1218.
5
Grunler J, Ericsson J, Dallner G (1994). Branch-point reactions in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, dolichol, ubiquinone and prenylated proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1212: 259-277.
6
Harker M, Bramley PM (1999). Expression of prokaryotic 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphatases in Escherichia coli increases carotenoid and ubiquinone biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 448: 115-119.
7
Huang QL, Roessner CA, Croteau R, Scotta AI (2001). Engineering Escherichia coli for the Synthesis of Taxadiene, a Key Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Taxol. Bioorgan Med Chem. 9: 2237-2242.
8
Hundle B, Alberti M, Nievelstein V, Beyer P, Kleinig H, Armstrong GA, Burke DH, Hearst JE (1994). Functional assignment of Erwinia herbicola Eho10 carotenoid genes expressed in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 245: 406-416.
9
Kawamukai M (2002). Biosynthesis, bioproduction and novel roles of ubiquinone. J Biosci Bioeng. 94: 511-517.
10
Kim SJ (2006). Amplification of 1-deoxy-D-xyluose 5-phosphate (DXP) synthase level increases coenzyme Q10 production in recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 72: 982-985.
11
Kim SW, Keasling JD (2001). Metabolic engineering of nonmevalonate isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis pathway in E. coli enhances lycopene production. Biotechnol Bioeng. 72: 408-415.
12
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14
Lee JK, Her G, Kim SH, Seo JH (2004). Cloning and Functional Expression of the dps Gene Encoding Decaprenyl Diphosphate Synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Biotechnol Prog. 20: 51-56.
15
Martin VJJ, Pitera DJ, Withers ST, Newman JD, Keasling JD (2003). Engineering a mevalonate pathway in E. coli for production of terpenoids. Nat Biotechnol. 21: 796-802.
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18
Newman JD (2006). High-level production of amorpha-4, 11-diene in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng. 95: 684-691.
19
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21
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22
Sandmann G (2002). Combinatorial biosynthesis of carotenoids in a heterologous host: a powerful approach for the biosynthesis of novel structures. Chem Bio Chem. 3: 629-635.
23
Søballe B, Poole RK (2000). Ubiquinone limits oxidative stress in Escherichia coli. Microbiology. 146: 787-796.
24
Suzuki K, Okada K, Kamiya Y, Zhu XF, Nakagawa T, Kawamukai M, Matsuda H (1997). Analysis of the decaprenyl diphosphate synthase (dps) gene in fission yeast suggests a role of ubiquinone as an antioxidant. J Biochem. 121: 496-505.
25
Takahashi S, Nishino T, Koyama T (2003). Isolation and expression of Paracoccus denitrificans decaprenyl diphosphate synthase gene for production of ubiquinone-10 in Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J. 16: 83-190.
26
Zahiri HS, Noghabi KA, Shin YC (2006a). Biochemical characterization of the decaprenyl diphosphate synthase of Rhodobacter sphaeroides for coenzyme Q10 production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 73: 796-806.
27
Zahiri HS, Yoon SH, Keasling JD, Lee SH, Kim SW, Yoon SC, Shin YC (2006b). Coenzyme Q10 production in recombinant Escherichia coli strains engineered with a heterologous decaprenyl diphosphate synthase gene and foreign mevalonate pathway. Metab Eng. 8: 406-416.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Acid and Bile Tolerance of Native Lactobacilli Isolated from Fecal Samples and Commercial Probiotics by Growth and Survival Studies
This study aimed at applying both growth and survival approaches to compare three native strains of lactobacilli, belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus species, with two commercial probiotic strains in their tolerance to acid and bile. The association between the data obtained from the methods was studied. The results of the different methods applied in this study, did not confirm each other for all the examined strains. However, the native strain of L. plantarum and the commercial strain of L. acidophilus repeatedly demonstrated the most and least bile resistances, respectively. The former excelled in all growth approaches but showed moderate acid resistance in the survival studies. Bile stress seemed to have more detrimental effects on all examined strains. The overall results suggest that the growth-rate designed studies and survival studies evaluating transit tolerance, might bring up different results when the examined strains belong to different species of lactobacilli showing different growth and metabolic activities. The strain of L. plantarum examined here could thus be considered as a potential probiotic, regarding its overall resistance to acid and bile.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7078_58008f029463d0743192140e78faca94.pdf
2009-10-01
233
240
Acid and bile tolerance
Probiotic
Lactobacilli
growth
survival
Maryam
Mirlohi
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Sabihe
Soleimanian-Zad
soleiman@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahram
Dokhani
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Sheikh-Zeinodin
4
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Abghary
5
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Alender M, De Smet I, Nollet L, Verstraete W, VonWright A, Mattila-Sandholm T (1999). The effect of probiotic strains on the microbiota of the simulator of the human intestinal ecosystem (SHIME). Int J Food Microbiol. 46: 71-79.
1
Arici M, Bilgin B, Sagdic O, Ozdemir C (2004). Some characteristics of Lactobacillus isolates from infant faeces. Food Microbiol. 21: 19-24.
2
Begley M, Hill C, Gahan CMC (2006). Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol. 72: 1729-1723.
3
Bezkorovainy A (2001). Probiotics: determinants of survival and growth in the gut. Am J Nut. 73 (suppl): 399S-405S.
4
Cebeci A Gurakan C (2003). Properties of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains. Food Microbiol. 20: 511-518.
5
Charteris WP, Kelly P M, Morelli L, Collins JK (1998). Development and application of an in vitro methodology to determine the transit tolerance of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in the upper human gastrointestinal tract. J Appl Microbiol. 84: 759-768.
6
Charteau N, Deschamps AM, Hadj Sassi A (1994). Heterogeneity of bile salts resistance in the lactobacillus isolates of a probiotic concosortium. Lett Appl Microbiol. 18:42A (Abstract).
7
Chou L-S, Weimer B (1999). Isolation and characterization of acid and bile tolerant isolates from strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Dairy Sci. 82: 23-31.
8
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9
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10
Delgado S, Ó Sullivan E, Fizgerald G, Mayo B (2007). Subtractive screening for probiotic properties of Lactobacillus species from human gastrointestinal tract in the search for new probiotic. J Food Sci. 72: M310A (Abstract).
11
Frece J, Kos B, Svetec IK, Zgaga Z, Marsa V, Soskovic J (2005). Importance of S-layer proteins in probiotic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus M92. J Appl Microbiol. 83: 285-292.
12
Gilliland SE, Staley TE , Bush LJ (1984). Importance of the bile tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus used as dietary adjunct. J. Dairy Sci. 67: 3045-3051.
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Gilliland SE and Walker K (1990). Factors to consider selecting a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to produce a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans. J Dairy Sci. 73: 905-911.
14
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15
Jin LZ, HO YW, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S (1998). Acid and bile tolerance of Lactoobacillus isolated from chicken intestine. Lett Appl Microbiol. 27: 183-185.
16
Kandler O, Weiss N (1986). Genus Lactobacillus. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Sneath PHA, Halt J, Nair NS, Sharpe ME ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, PP. 1227-1229.
17
Khalil R, Mahrous H, El-Halafawy Kh, Kamaly K, Frank J, Elsoda M (2007). Evaluation of the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from faeces of breast-fed infants in Egypt. Afric J Biotech. 6: 939-949.
18
Liong MT, Shah, NP (2005). Acid and bile tolerance and cholesterol removal ability of lactobacilli strain. J Dairy Sci. 88: 55-66.
19
Martin R, Jimenez E, Olivares M, Martin M, Fernandez ML, Xaus L, Rodriduz JM (2006). Lactobacillus salivarious CECT5713, a potential probiotic strain isolated from infant feces and breast milk of a mother- child pair. Int J Food Microbiol. 112: 35-43.
20
Mirlohi M, Soleimanian-Zad S, Sheikh-Zeinodin M, Fazeli H (2008a). Enumeration of Lactobacilli in the fecal flora of infant using two different modified De-Man Rogosa Sharpe media under aerobic and anaerobic incubation. Pak J Biol Sci. 11: 876-881.
21
Mirlohi M, Soleimanian-Zad S, Sheikh-Zeinodin M, Fazeli H (2008b). Identification of lactobacilli from f fecal flora of some Iranian infants. Iran J Pediatr. 18: 357-363.
22
Molin G (2001). Probiotics in food not containing milk or milk constitutes, with special reference to Lactobacillus plantarum 299V. Am J Clin Nut. 73: 380-385.
23
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24
Morelli L, Vogensen Fk, von Wright A (1994). Genetics of Lactic acid Bacteria. In: Lactic acid Bacteria Salminen S, von Wright A, Ouwehand A. ed., Marsel Dekker Inc,New York, Basel, PP: 253.
25
Mustapha A, Jiang T, Savaianno DA (1997). Improvement of lactose digestion by humans following ingestion of unfermented acidophilus milk: influence of bile sensitivity, lactose transport, and acid tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Dairy Sci. 80: 1537-1545.
26
Nguyen TDT, Kang JH, Lee MS (2006). Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum PH04, a potential probiotic bacterium with cholesterol-lowering effects. Int J Food Microbiol. 113: 358-361.
27
Patel HM, Pandiella SS, Wang RH, Webb C (2004). Influence of malt, wheat, and barley extracts on the bile tolerance of selected strains of lactobacilli. Food Microbiol. 21: 83-89.
28
Prasad J, Gill H, Smart J, Gopal PK (1998). Selection and characterization of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains for use as probiotics. Int Dairy J. 8: 993-1002.
29
Succi M, Tremonte P, Reale A, Sorrentino E, Grazia L, Pacifico S, Coppola R (2005). Bile salts and acid tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 244: 129-137.
30
Suskovic J, Kos B, Matosic S, Besendorfer V (2000). The effect of bile salts on survival and morphology of a potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus M92. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 16: 673-678.
31
Tuomola E, Crittenden R, Playne M, Isolauri E, Salminen S (2001). Quality assurance criteria for probiotic bacteria. Am J Clin Nut. 73(suppl): 393S-8S.
32
Vizoso Pinto MG, Franz CMAP, Schillinger U, Holzapfel WH (2006). Lactobacillus spp. with in vitro probiotic properties from human faeces and traditional fermented products. Int J Food Microbiol. 109: 205-214.
33
Waard R, Snel J, Bokken G, Bokken GC, Tan PS, Schut F, Huis Int Veld JH (2002). Comparison of faecal Lactobacillus populations in experimental animals from different breeding facilities and possible consequences for probiotic studies. Lett Appl Microbiol. 34: 105-109.
34
Xanthopoulos V, Ztaliou I, Gaier W, Tzanetakis N, Litopoulou-Tzanetaki E (1999). Differentiation of Lactobacillus isolates from infant faeces by SDS-PAGE and rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. J Appl Microbiol. 87: 743-749.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polymorphisms of the Ovine Leptin Gene and its Association with Growth and Carcass Traits in Three Iranian Sheep Breeds
Leptin (LEP), the expression product of the obese gene produced primarily in the adipose tissue, is related to feed intake, growth and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to study the possible association between polymorphism of the LEP gene with growth and carcass traits among three Iranian sheep breeds of the Shal, Zandi and Zel varieties. A total of 180 purebred animals of the Shal, Zandi and Zel, breeds were chosen for this study. Three flocks, each comprising of 60 ewes of three breeds, were derived from Aboureyhan sheep populations. The Shal (n=18), Zandi (n=24) and Zel (n=17) lambs were screened for polymorphism of the LEP gene. Following genomic DNA extraction from whole blood samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in order to amplify a 260 bp fragment of the target gene. Polymorphisms were detected using the single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) technique. Two genotypes of AA and AG with frequencies of 0.53 and 0.47 in the Shal 0.70 and 0.30 in the Zandi and 0.65, 0.35 in the Zel breed were observed, respectively. The frequencies of alleles A and G were 0.74, 0.26 in the Shal breed, 0.85, 0.15 in the Zandi breed and 0.82, 0.18 in the Zel breed, respectively. Chi-Square test (c2) confirmed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the LEP loci. Average heterozygosity (30%) of the LEP locus for the three breeds was slightly low. Comparison of the sequence of the target gene available in the GeneBank with the results of the present study showed two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) A®G and T®C transitions at 113 and 165 bp positions, respectively. In the Shal breed, the A113G SNP associated with an increase in cold carcass weight (p< 0.01), fat-tail percent (p< 0.05) and total body fat weight (p< 0.05). In the Zel breed, the A113G SNP was associated with an increase in fat-tail percent (p< 0.05) and reduction in slaughter weight (p< 0.05), cold carcass weight (p< 0.01) and lean meat weight (p< 0.01). Therefore, a significant association between SNP within the LEP gene and certain carcass traits in the Shal and Zel breeds is proposed. In the Zandi breed the A113G SNP was not associated with carcass traits but showed a reduction in weaning weight (P< 0.05).
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7083_21777b9ffc1bc05daa18b93ba9070b43.pdf
2009-10-01
241
246
leptin
Polymorphism
Carcass traits
Shal
Zandi
Zel
Roohallah
Barzehkar
1
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aboureyhan, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11365-4117, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolreza
Salehi
arsalehi@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aboureyhan, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11365-4117, Tehran, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Frouzandeh
Mahjoubi
3
Department of Clinical Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 14965/161,Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
AOAC (1995). Official methods of analysis AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC, USA.
1
Barb CR, Hausman GJ, Houseknecht KL (2001). Biology of leptin in the pig. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 21: 297-317.
2
Boucher D, Palin MF, Castonguay F, Gariépy C, Pothier F (2006). Detection of polymorphisms in the ovine leptin (LEP) gene: Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism with muscle growth and meat quality traits. Can J Anim Sci. 86: 31-35.
3
Bouchanan FC, Fitzsimmons CJ, van Kessel AG, Thue TD, Winkelman-Sim DC, Schmutz SM (2002). Association of a missense mutation in the bovine leptin gene with carcass fat content and leptin mRNA levels. Genet Sel Evol. 34: 105-116.
4
Dela BFC, Shan B, Chen JL (1996). Identification of the promoter of the mouse obese gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93: 4096-4101.
5
Dyer CJ, Simmons JM, Matteri RL, Keisler DH (1997). Leptin receptor mRNA is expressed in ewe anterior pituitary and adipose tissues and is differentially expressed in hypothalamic regions of well- fed and feed-restricted ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 14: 119-128.
6
Faustino NA, Cooper TA (2003). Pre-mRNA splicing and human disease. Genes Dev. 17: 419-437.
7
Fiona CB, Carolyn J., Andrew GV, Tracey DT, Dianne CW, Sheila MS (2002). Association of a missense mutation in the bovine leptin gene with carcass fat content and leptin mRNA levels. Genet Sel Evol. 34: 105-116.
8
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9
Houseknecht KL, Baile CA, Matteri RL, Spurlock ME (1998). The biology of leptin: a review. J Anim Sci. 76: 1405-1420.
10
Kashan NEJ, Manafi-Azar GH, Afzalzadeh A, Salehi A (2005). Growth performance and carcass quality of fattening lambs from fat-tailed and tailed sheep breeds. Small Rumin Res. 60: 267-271.
11
Nei M (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 70: 3321-3323.
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13
Ozaki K, Ohnishi Y, Iida A, Sekine A, Yamada R, Tsunoda T, Sato H, Hori M, Nakamura Y, Tanaka T (2002). Functional SNPs in the lymphotoxin-alpha gene that are associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction. Nat Genet. 32: 650-654.
14
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989). Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, 2nd, p. B.23. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. PP. 1350-1356.
15
Schenkel FS, Miller SP, Ye X, Moore SS, Nkrumah JD, Li C, Yu J, Mandell IB, Wilton JW, Williams JL (2005). Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the leptin gene with carcass and meat quality traits of beef cattle. J Anim Sci. 83: 2009-2020.
16
Schneider JE, Zhou D, Blum RM (2000). Leptin and metabolic control of reproduction. Horm Behav. 37: 306-326.
17
Taouis M, Chen JW, Davi aud C, Dupont J, Derouet M, Simon J (1998). Cloning the chicken leptin gene. Gene. 208: 239-242.
18
Thomas L, Wallace JM, Aitken RP, Mercer JG, Trayhurn P, Hoggard N (2001). Circulating leptin during ovine pregnancy in relation to maternal nutrition, body composition and pregnancy outcome. J Endocrinol. 169: 465-476.
19
Tokuhiro S, Yamada R, Chang X, Suzuki A, Kochi Y, Sawada T, Suzuki M, Nagasaki M, Ohtsuki M, Ono M, Furukawa H, Nagashima M, Yoshino S, Mabuchi A, Sekine A, Saito S, Takahashi A, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto K (2003). An intronic SNP in a RUNX1 binding site of SLC22A4, encoding an organic cation transporter is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet. 35: 341-348.
20
Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM (1994). Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 372: 425-432
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Regeneration of Glyphosate-Tolerant Nicotiana tabacum after Plastid Transformation with a Mutated Variant of Bacterial aroA gene
Presence of antibiotic resistance markers has always been considered as one of the main safety concerns in transgenic plants and their derived products. Elimination of antibiotic selectable markers from transgenics is a major hurdle for finding efficient and safe candidates. Herbicide tolerance genes might be attractive alternatives. In this study, a variant form of the 5-enoylpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene that harbors glycine at position 96 to alanine and alanine 183 to threonine substitutions and confers higher resistance to the broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate, was substituted against the spectinomycin resistant gene as a sole selectable marker for plastid transformation of Nicotiana tabacum. Plastid transformation was carried out using the biolistic delivery procedure while delivery parameters such as rupture disk pressure, bombardment distance, etc had been optimized first. A previous study showed that the glyphosate herbicide imposes lethal effects on the structure and integrity of the plastid membrane, even at low concentrations. In order to overcome this problem, a modified procedure for selection of transplastomic cells was used. A long preculture incubation period followed by a gradual increased in glyphosate concentration led to sufficient expression of the transgene. Tolerant calli were thus regenerated through direct selection of transformed plastids in the presence of the glyphosate.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7089_cd78b993e56aad0e1401f7cd73bd11d8.pdf
2009-10-01
247
253
Plastid transformation
Nicotiana tabacum
Glyphosate
5-enoylpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase
Mehrnoosh
Fathi Roudsari
1
Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran
and
Khatam Institute of Higher Education, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Hatef
Salmanian
salman@nigeb.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir
Mousavi
m-amir@nigeb.ac.ir
3
Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Haleh
Hashemi Sohi
4
Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mahyat
Jafari
5
Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Alibhai MF, Stallings WC (2001). Closing down on glyphosate inhibition-with a new structure for drug design, Proc Nati Acad Sci. 98: 2944-2946.
1
Barry G, Kishore G, Padgette S, Taylor M, Kolacz K, Weldon M, Re D, Eichholtz D, Fincher K, Hallas L (1992). Inhibitors of amino acid biosynthesis: strategies for imparting glyphosate tolerance to crop plants. Biosynthesis and molecular regulation in plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD. 7: 139-145.
2
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3
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5
Eschenburg S, Healy M, Priestman M, Lushington G, Schonbrunn E (2002). How the mutation gly96 to ala confers glyphosate insensitivity to 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase from E. coli. Planta 216: 129-135.
6
Haghani K, Salmanian AH, Ranjbar B, Zakikhan K, Khajeh K (2008). Comparative studies of wild type E. coli 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase with three glyphosate-insensitive mutated forms: activity, stability and structural characterization. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1784: 1167-1175.
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8
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Kahrizi D, Salmanian AH, Afshari A, Moieni A, Mousavi A (2007). Simultaneous substitution of gly96 to ala and ala183 to thr in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene of E. coli (k12) and transformation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in order to make tolerance to glyphosate. Plant Cell Rep. 26: 95-104.
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20
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21
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Ye GN, Colburn S, Xu C, Hajdukiewic P, Staub JM (2003). Persistance of unselected DNA during a plastid transformation and segregation approach to herbicide resistance. Plant Physiol. 133: 402-410.
24
Ye GN, Hajdukiewicz P, Broyles D, Rodriguez D, Xu CW, Nehra N, Staub JM (2001). Plastid-expressed 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase genes provide high level glyphosate tolerance in tobacco. Plant J. 25: 261-270.
25
Zou Z (2001). Analysis of cis-acting expression determinants of the tobacco psbA 5’ UTR in vivo. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Munchen University, Munchen, Germany.
26
Zou Z, Eibl C, Koop HU (2003). The stem-loop region of the Tobacco psbA 5’ UTR is an important determinant of mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Mol Genet Genomics. 269: 340-349.
27
Zhou H, Arrowsmith JW, Fromm ME, Hironaka CM, Taylor ML, Rodriguez D, Pajeau ME, Brown SM, Santino CG, Fry JE (1995). Glyphosate tolerant CP4 and GOX genes as a selectable marker in wheat transformation. Plant Cell Report. 15: 159-163.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association of Genetic Variants ofB-Lactoglobulin Gene with Milk Production in a Herd and a Superior Family of Holstein Cattle
Polymorphism of the b-lactoglobulin (b-LG) gene in 101 cows belonging to the Holstein herd and a superior cow, producing more than 150 Kg milk/day, together with four offsprings was investigated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. In the Holstein herd, the alleles A and B of the b-LG gene had frequencies of 0.53 and 0.47, respectively. The genotypes AA, AB and BB of the b-LG gene were estimated to have frequencies of 0.257, 0.544 and 0.198, respectively. Genotypes were distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results indicated that the b-LG genotypes significantly affected (P< 0.01) milk yield (genotype AA being more effective than genotype BB). The superior cow and her progenies were all heterozygotes (AB).
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7066_ba42e0a7d308d4fe9fd73dbfd456ed94.pdf
2009-10-01
254
257
b-LG
Holstein
Milk production
Polymorphism
PCR-RFLP
Maryam
Heidari
1
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 49189-43464 , Gorgan, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
mojtaba
Ahani Azari
mojtaba_9@yahoo.com
2
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 49189-43464 , Gorgan, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
saeed
hasani
3
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 49189-43464 , Gorgan, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
alireza
khanahmadi
4
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 163, Gonbad, I.R. Ira
AUTHOR
Saeed
Zerehdaran
zereh2s@gau.ac.ir
5
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 49189-43464 , Gorgan, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Aleandri R, Buttazzoni LG, Schnerder JC (1990). The Effects of milk protein polymorphisms on milk components and cheese-producing ability. J Dairy Sci. 73: 241-255.
1
Bovenhuis H, Van Arendonk JAM, Korver S (1992). Associations between milk protein polymorphisms and milk production traits. J Dairy Sci. 75: 2549-2559.
2
Celik S (2003). b-lactoglobulin genetic variants in Brown Swiss breed and its association with compositional properties and rennet clotting time of milk. Int Dairy J. 13: 727-731.
3
Daniela I, Aurelia S, Anuta M, Claudia S, Vintila I (2008). Genetic polymorphism at the b-lactoglobulin locus in a dairy herd of Romanian Spotted and Brown of Maramures breeds. Zootehnie si Biotehnologii. 41: 104-107.
4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
Kaygisiz A, Douan M (1999). Genetics of milk protein polymorphism and its relation to milk yield traits in Holstein cows. Tr J Vet Anim Sci. 23: 447-454.
10
Kontopidis G, Holt C, Sawyer L (2004). Invited review: b-lactoglobulin: binding properties, structure, and function. J Dairy Sci. 87: 785-796.
11
Lin CY, Mcallister AJ (1986). Effects of milk protein loci on first lactation production in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 69: 704-712.
12
Lum LS, Dovc P, Medrano JF (1997). Polymorphisms of bovine b-lactoglobulin promoter and differences in the binding affinity of activator protein-2 transcription factor. J Dairy Sci. 80: 1389-1397.
13
Lunden A, Nilsson M, Janson L (1997). Marked effect of b-lactoglobulin polymorphism on the ratio of casein to total protein in milk. J Dairy Sci. 80: 2996- 3005.
14
Meignanalakshmi A, Nainar AM, Nachimuthu K (2001). Identification of genetic polymorphism of b-lactoglobulin gene locus in Red-Sindhi cow by PCR-RFLP analysis. Int J Anim Sci. 6: 223-226.
15
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16
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17
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18
Ng-Kwai-Hang KF, Monardes HG, Hayes JF (1990). Association between genetic of milk proteins and production traits during three lactations. J Dairy Sci. 73: 3414-3420.
19
Rachagani S, Dayal Gupta I, Gupta N, Gupta SC (2006). Genotyping of b-lactoglobulin gene by PCR-RFLP in Sahiwal and Tharparkar cattle breeds. BMC Genet. 7: 31.
20
Ron M, Yoffe O, Ezra E, Medrano JF, Welle JI (1994). Determination of effects of milk protein genotype on production traits of Israeli Holsteins. J Dairy Sci. 77: 1106-1113.
21
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22
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23
Strazalkowska N, Kvzewski J, Ryniewiez Z, (2002). Effect of Kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin polymorphism on cows age, stage of lactation and somatic cell count on dairy milk composition in Polish Black and White cattle. Anim Sci. Papers and Reports 20: 21-35.
24
Tsiaras AM, Bargouli GG, Banos G, Boscos CM (2005). Effect of Kappa-casein and b-lactoglobulin loci on milk production traits and reproductive performance of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 88: 327-334.
25
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26
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation of the Gene Coding for Movement Protein from Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
A pair of degenerate primers, GMPF1 and GMPR1, was designed on the basis of alignment of previously reported Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) movement protein (MP) nucleotide sequences from Iran and other parts of the world. cDNA was synthesized by the use of Oligo d(T)18 from total RNA extraction from each diseased grapevine leaf sample and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the degenerate primers under a range of annealing temperatures from 48 to 62°C. It was revealed that 55°C gave the best result in terms of producing exactly the expected fragment (1044 bp) from as many samples as possible although accompanied by few fade non specific fragments. However, by application of “hot-start” PCR and annealing at 60°C the specific fragment was amplified from 41 out of 86 samples. This was the first amplification of the precise MP cDNA from GFLVs in Iran which is very important as to preparation of recombinant anti-GFLV MP antibody to use in studying the GFLV- grapevine interaction, and also for generating pathogen-derived resistant vines.
https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7088_93de595966edf639c544af32ce3fad1f.pdf
2009-10-01
258
261
Annealing
degenerate
GFLV
MP
Hot-start
PCR
Nemat
Sokhandan Bashir
nemat.sokhand_bashir@okstate.edu
1
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afsaneh
Delpasand Khabbazi
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 51664, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Esmael
Torabi
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 51664, Tabriz, I.R. Ira
AUTHOR
Anofka GH, Shahrour W, Nakhla MK (2004). Detection and molecular characterization of Grapevine Fanleaf virus and Grapevine Leafroll-associated virus 3 in Jordan. J Plant Pathol. 86: 203-207.
1
Clark MF, Adams AN (1977). Characteristics of the micro plate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. J Gen Virol. 34: 475-483.
2
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3
Gallitelli D, Accotto GP (2001). Virus- resistant transgenic plants: potential impact on the fitness of plant viruses. J Plant Pathol. 83: 3-9.
4
Hewitt WB, Raski DJ, Goheen AC (1958). Nematode vector of soil-borne fanleaf virus of grapevines. Phytopathology 48: 586-595.
5
ICTV dB-The Universal Virus Database, version 4, April 2006 [online]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
6
Naraghi-Arani P, Daubert S, Rowhani A (2001). Quasispecies nature of the genome of Grapevine fanleaf virus. J Gen Virol. 82:1791-1795.
7
Raski DJ, Goheen AC, Lider LA, Meredith CP (1983). Strategies against Grapevine fanleaf virus and its nematode vector. Plant Dis. 67:335-337.
8
Rowhani A, Chay C, Golino DA, Falk BW (1993). Development of a polymerase chain reaction technique for the detection of Grapevine fanleaf virus in grapevine tissues. Phytopathology 83:749-753.
9
Sambrook J, Russell DW (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, third ed. Cold Spring Laboratory Press, New York.
10
Sokhandan Bashir N, Kalhor MR, Zarghani SN (2006). Detection, differentiation and phylogenetic analysis of Cucumber mosaic virus isolates from cucurbits in the northwest region of Iran. Virus Gene 32: 277-288.
11
Sokhandan Bashir N, Hajizadeh M (2007a). Survey for Grapevine fanleaf virus in vineyards of north-west Iran and genetic diversity of isolates. Austral Plant Pathol. 36:46-52.
12
Sokhandan Bashir NS, Nikkhah SH, Hajizadeh M (2007b). Distinct phylogenetic positions of Grapevine fanleaf virus isolates from Iran based on the movement protein gene. J Gen Plant Pathol. 73: 209-215.
13
Vigne E, Bergdoll M, Guyader S, Fuchs M (2004a). Population structure and genetic diversity within Grapevine fanleaf virus isolates from a naturally infected vineyard: Evidence for mixed infection and recombination. J Gen Virol. 85: 2435- 2445.
14
Vigne E, Komar V, Fuchs M (2004b). Field safety assessment of recombination in transgenic grapevines expressing the coat protein gene of Grapevine fanleaf virus. Trans Res. 13: 165-179.
15
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16
Vuittenez A (1970). Fanleaf of grapevine. In: Virus Disease of Small Fruits and Grapevine. Frazier, N.W. (ed.). University of California, Berkely. PP. 217-228.
17
Zaki-aghl M, Izadpanah K (2003). Bermuda grass as a Potential Reservoir Host for Grapevine fanleaf virus. Plant Dis. 87: 1179-1182.
18