@article { author = {Ahmadian, Gholamreza and Shamsara, Mehdi and Easton, Andrew J.}, title = {Pneumoviruses: Molecular Genetics and Reverse Genetics}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {78-93}, year = {2005}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {Pneumoviruses are responsible for significant respiratory disease in their hosts and represent a major problemfor human and animal health. Pneumoviruses are members of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamilyPneumovirinae and the virus particles consist of a negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA genome within a helical nucleocapsid structure enveloped in a lipid membrane derived from the host cell. Over the past fourdecades much work has extended our understanding of the molecular biology and pathogenesis of pneumoviruses but despite this only limited treatments and prophylaxis are available. The human pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) which belongs to the genus of Pneumovirus is the best characterized of thesubfamily. HRSV is the major cause of hospitalisation of very young children with respiratory disease worldwide. No vaccine is available though new treatments offer some respite for children in the highest riskgroups, the immunocompromised and children with congenital heart disease. The recently discoveredhuman pathogen human metapneumovirus (hMPV) belongs to the genus Metapneumovirus and recentdata indicates that this virus is second only to hRSV in terms of disease impact. The pneumoviruses alsoinclude agents of veterinary importance such as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (bRSV), ovine andcaprine RSV, and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM: all in the genus Pneumovirus) and avian metapneumovirus(APV: genus Metapneumovirus). The development of reverse genetics systems for negative strand RNAviruses has opened the possibility of manipulating the virus genomes to identify genes involved in pathogenesis and to explore the biological consequences of specific mutations. This information is informing the rational design of new vaccines. These plasmid-based systems have shown that for all paramyxoviruses the N, P and L proteins are necessary and sufficient for RNA replication. However, the pneumoviruses differfrom the other family members in that fully efficient transcription from the virus genome requires the presenceof an additional protein encoded by the M2 gene. The present article reviews pneumovirus biology andmolecular genetics including a discussion of current concepts of Pneumovirus reverse genetics.}, keywords = {Paramyxoviridae,Pneumovirus,Reverse Genetics,Replication,Vaccine}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6944.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6944_786686d44e2c0135b7c4ed989a7c4e9c.pdf} } @article { author = {Vallian, Sadeq and Chang, Kun-Sang}, title = {Specific Inhibition of the Expression of the Promyelocytic Leukemia (PML) Protein by Anti-Sense Oligonucleotides}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {94-98}, year = {2005}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the present study, using anti-sense oligonucleotides the inhibition of expression of the PML protein hasbeen investigated. The anti-sense oligonucleotides were designed against the translation initiation site ofthe PML gene, and their effects were investigated on cellular growth and DNA synthesis. Incubation of normalhuman fibroblast cells with the anti-sense oligonucleotides resulted in the complete inhibition of the PMLprotein expression. Inhibition of the PML protein expression by anti-sense oligonucleotides was foundto be associated with an increase in cellular growth and doubling time. Furthermore, in cells treated withthe anti-sense oligonucleotides, but not sense or scrambled oligonucleotides (control), the cellular DNAsynthesis also showed a marked increase, confirming the induction of cellular growth upon inhibition of PMLsynthesis. These findings clearly demonstrated that the inhibition of the expression of the PML protein could be achieved using the anti-sense oligonucleotides, providing a model for better investigation of the biologic role of PML in the cell.}, keywords = {Promyelocytic Leukemia,PML,Antisense oligonucleotides,Protein expression}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6959.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6959_f4e1b5843a1d251d0b434225523b3776.pdf} } @article { author = {Jabbari, Ahmad Reza and Esmaelizadeh, Majid}, title = {Molecular Typing of Avian Pasteurella multocida lsolatesby PCR-RFLPof ompH Gene}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {99-103}, year = {2005}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {Molecular typing of twenty-five Pasteurella multocida isolates has been assessed by restriction fragmentlength polymorphism (RFLP) of a species-specific PCR assay. Amplification was based on the gene ompH, encoding a major outer memberane protein. RFLP analysis of the 1.2 kb ompH-amplification usingEcoRI, HindIII and CfoI endonucleases produced 7 different patterns for the twenty five isolates of the fourP.multocida serotypes. The PCR-RFLP of the ompH gene was found to be potentially a useful method fortyping of P. multocida and therefore, for studying the epidemiology of P. multocida infections.}, keywords = {Pasteurella multocida,RFLP-PCR Typing,Protein H}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6964.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6964_ac6dc1beb7cd8200f3010e50680c76b1.pdf} } @article { author = {Javanmard, Arash and Asadzadeh, Nader and Banabazi, Mohammad Hossein and Tavakolian, Javad}, title = {The Allele and Genotype Frequencies of Bovine Pituitaryspecific Transcription Factor and Leptin Genes in IranianCattle and Buffalo Populations Using PCR-RFLP}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {104-108}, year = {2005}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {The use of polymorphic markers in breeding programmes could make selection more accurate and efficient. A total of 324 individuals from six Iranian cattle populations (Sarabi, Golpayegani, Sistani, Taleshi, Mazandarani, Dashtiyari), F1 Golpayegani × Brown Swiss and Iranian buffalo populations were genotypedfor the Pit-1 HinfI and leptin Sau3AI polymorphisms by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragmentlength polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The genotype and gene frequencies for each breed were determined andshown to be quite variable among the breeds. The highest frequencies of allele B for the leptin gene andallele A for the Pit-1 gene were found in Dashtiyari and Sistani cattle, respectively. According to our results,the highest AB genotype frequencies were found in the Taleshi and F1 Golpayegani x Brown Swiss cross forthe leptin and Pit-1 genes, respectively. These allele frequencies were comparable to previously publisheddata on exotic breeds. The highest and lowest heterozygosities were found in Taleshi and Dashtiyari cattlefor the leptin gene and in F1 Golpayegani x Brown Swiss cross and Sistani cattle for the Pit-1 gene, respectively. These values indicated the presence of low variation for these genes in the studied populations.The possible association between molecular polymorphisms within these candidate genes and economictraits for the studied populations should be further investigated.}, keywords = {Pit-1,leptin,Iranian cattle,buffalo,PCRRFLP,Polymorphism}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6943.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6943_10d06165d9d69e766305ae15cbcd593a.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashemi Sohi, Haleh and Jourabchi, Esmat and Khodabandeh, Mahvash}, title = {Transient expression of human growth hormone in potato (Solanum tuberosum), tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves by agroinfiltration}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {109-113}, year = {2005}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {Using agro-infiltration technique, we have transiently expressed human Growth Hormone (hGH) in tobacco(Nicotiana tobacum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves. Out of three differentinoculation times used for infiltration in our study, it was seen that highest level of hGH expression wasachieved when leaves were infiltrated for 35 min. The presence of biologically active hGH was detected inleaf extract by western blotting and ELISA. The highest expression was measured in tobacco was found tobe1.5-3 hGH mg/kg leaves.}, keywords = {Transient expression,Molecular Farming,Agro-infiltration,Biopharmaceuticals}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6965.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6965_19c083330a245a15813be5fc5840dcbd.pdf} } @article { author = {Faisal, Muhammad and Hasnain, Shahida}, title = {Growth improvements of Sunflower seedlings by Cr(VI)-resistant bacteria}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {114-120}, year = {2005}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the present study, three chromium resistant bacterial strains (CrT-1, CrT-2, CrT-3) which could resist veryhigh concentration of K2CrO4 (up to 40 mg ml-1 on nutrient agar plates and 10 mg ml-1 in acetate-minimalmedium) were used to inoculate the sunflower seeds both as control and under chromium stress. Cr(VI)caused severe reduction in different growth parameters (seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight g-1 freshweight) as compared to control, while bacterial inoculations improved different growth parameters both ascontrol and under chromate stress when compared with non-inoculated respective controls. With respectto biochemical parameters, acid phosphatase and auxin content showed marked increment with bacterialinoculation both in chromium stress and unstressed condition. Uptake of chromium in inoculated plantsdecreased significantly as compared to non-inoculated control. Cr (VI) application also severely damages different plant cells/tissues but bacterial inoculation not only improves the growth and yields parameters butalso prevent cell damages caused by the Cr (VI) salt.}, keywords = {Cr(VI),Ochrobactrum intermedium,Helianthus annuus,PGPR}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6963.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6963_4c32bbaeb338e4568da96f9095503812.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahmoodi, Mehdi and Rashidinejad, Hamid Reza and Asadi Karam, Gholamreza and Khaksari, Mohammad and Mirzajani, Ebrahim and Robert Bloom, Stephen}, title = {Transfection of 6-23 a rat thyroid carcinoma cell line, with the Neuropeptide Y cDNA}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {121-124}, year = {2005}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide found throughout the central and peripheral nervoussystem of rat and human. NPY has been proposed to play an important role in satiety. The aim of this studywas to produce cell lines that secrete high levels of bioactive NPY. For this purpose, the complementaryDNA (cDNA) that encodes NPY was isolated by PCR. The cDNA was then cloned into pCEP4, to formpCEP4NPY. 6-23 cells were transfected with pCEP4NPY by electroporation. Transfected cells were selected by the addition of hygromycin B to the culture medium. Resistant colonies were picked and transferred to 96-well plates. The medium was tested for IRNPY using a specific NPY radioimmunoassay (RIA). The IR-NPY secreted by the cells was characterized by sephadex G50 chromatography and reversed phase fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). It was found to co-elute with the synthetic standard in both cases. RNA was extracted from the cells and subjected to Northern blot analysis using labeled NPY cDNA as a probe. The cells were found to express high levels of NPY at mRNA levels.}, keywords = {NPY,cDNA,Transfection,Cell line}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6945.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6945_dc66ef03fd8577f8377794647a116b3e.pdf} } @article { author = {Nassiry, Mohammad Reza and Norouzy, Amir and Eftekhari Shahroudi, Fereidoun and Javadmanesh, Ali and Shad, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Investigation of two recessive disorders in breeder bulls of Abbas Abad animal breeding center}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {125-128}, year = {2005}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {To prevent distribution of recessive alleles in dairy herds all bulls used for AI (Artificial Insemination) haveto be tested. In this study 26 blood and 4 semen samples were supplied from Iranian Holstein bulls used forAI. Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 μl of blood and 200 μl of semen. Samples were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. PCR reaction was performed for amplification of polymorphic region of the CD18 gene on chromosome 1 and exon 5 of ASS gene on chromosome 11. We detected one Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) carrier and no carrier for bovine Citrolliemia in this study. Hardy-Weinberg test confirmed the equilibrium of BLAD locus in this population.}, keywords = {BLAD,CD18,Citrullinemia,Argininosuccinate Synthetase,Holstein,PCR-RFLP}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6948.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6948_4a4dd5c487a083e34bea1d68807d018e.pdf} }