@article { author = {Mirnejad, Reza and Mofazzal Jahromi, Mirza Ali and Al-Musawi, Sharafaldin and Pirestani, Majid and Fasihi Ramandi, Mahdi and Ahmadi, Kazem and Rajayi, Hajar and Mohammad Hassan, Zuhair and Kamali, Mahdi}, title = {Curcumin-loaded Chitosan Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles as a safe, natural and effective antibiotic inhibits the infection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Curcumin as a yellow natural compound extracted from turmeric root is known it as an antibacterial agent. One of the nanoparticles ability is to decrease the defects of usual drug delivery systems. Chitosan is a low toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and safe polymer which is used in production of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles like chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) are able to increase antibacterial properties of curcumin. Materials and methods: Curcumin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles containing chitosan, curcumin and TPP salt were synthesized by ionotropic gelation methods. First, the skin of anesthetized mice was inoculated with staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension. Then the infected mice were treated with curcumin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles for 3 days. Following that, antibacterial characteristics of the mice treated with curcumin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles were evaluated by bacterial culture of these mice. Results: Our results showed the size of 160±10 nm and the charge of +7 ± 2 mV in curcumin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were also spiral shape. The encapsulating efficiency of curcumin in chitosan-TPP nanoparticles was 75 ± 2%. Bacterial culture showed that curcumin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles inhibited staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that curcumin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles can be utilized as a potent agent in treatment of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.}, keywords = {Chitosan-TPP,curcumin,Nanoparticles,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6452.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6452_9abc329feef64c9ff086d89231533567.pdf} } @article { author = {Javanmardi, Masoud and Rasaee, mohamad javad and Modjtahedi, Helmout and Asadi-Ghalehni, Majid and Maghami, Mohammad Ghaem}, title = {Triple tandem mimotope peptide of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor displaying on the surface of M13 phage induces anti-tumor response in mice tumor model}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {9-17}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1017}, abstract = {Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to play a critical role in tumor cell growth and its overexpression has been observed in many epithelial tumors. In the field of cancer vaccine research, displaying the peptide mimotope on the surface of phage particles has shown promising results. Methods: In this study using m13-PVIII phage display system, two constructs were prepared: triple tandem repeat of EGFR mimotpe displaying particles (3M) and single EGFR mimotope displaying phage particle (1M). To investigate the anti-tumor properties of phage vaccine, C57BL/6 mice Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft model was established and treated with 3M phage vaccine, 1M phage vaccine and control agents. Results: Immunization of mice with these phage-based vaccines showed strong immune response against phage-mimotope. 3M phage vaccine showed more potency against tumor in comparison with control groups. Also the survival time was extended in phage vaccine treated tumor-bearing mice compared with untreated mice. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that mimotope-displaying phage vaccine can induce specific antibodies with antitumoral activity, which its potential as a candidate vaccine for EGFR-specific cancer immunotherapy needs to be more investigated in future studies.}, keywords = {EGFR,Mimotope,Phage vaccine,Immunotherapy}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6453.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6453_e242faa4e3673423f6c1f94e3cbc509e.pdf} } @article { author = {Salarizadeh, Navvabeh and Hasannia, Sadegh and Akbari Noghabi, Kambiz and Hassan Sajedi, Reza}, title = {Purification and Characterization of 50 kDa Extracellular Metalloprotease from Serratia sp. ZF03}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {18-27}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1009}, abstract = {Background: Proteolytic enzymes have an important role in variety of physiological and pathological functions. They have been used in therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. Characterizations of extracellular proteases from various strains of S. marcescens indicate that most strains produce a very similar major metalloprotease. This metalloprotease (serrapeptidase, serrapeptase) is an important pharmaceutical agent. Serrapeptase has been used in Asian and European countries for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and bacterial infections. Objectives: In the present study, purification and characterization of extracellular metalloprotease from Serratia sp. ZF03 for therapeutic purposes were reported.    Materials and Methods: In this study the protease gene encoding a zinc-metalloprotease was isolated from the previously isolated red-pigmented Serratia sp. ZF03. The gene was sequenced and submitted to the GenBank. Proteolytic activity was detected by skim milk agar plate method and zymography. This fragment was found to encode an extracellular zinc-metalloendopeptidase with a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa. The metalloprotease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis, and then characterized. The effects of various inhibitors and reagents on protease activity and its kinetic parameters were also determined. Results: The nucleotide sequence demonstrated that deduced amino acid sequence has a higher identity with those of metalloprotease from serralysin family. Production of metalloprotease was highest at 48th h of cultivation. Optimum protease activity occurred at a temperature range of 50-55ºC and a pH range of 8.0-10. EDTA as a metal chelator, significantly inhibited protease activity. Zymography and inhibition assays showed that metalloprotease is the major secreted protease of Serratia sp. ZF03. The kinetic parameters, Km and Vm, were 0.00105 mg/ml and 0.0531 mM/min, respectively. Conclusions: Since the metalloprotease of this strain has strong proteolytic properties and good stability, it would  be a suitable candidate to be used as an effective drug in the medicine and pharmaceutical industries.}, keywords = {Metalloprotease,Serratia sp,Enzyme characterization,Therapeutic applications}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6450.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6450_ff0afe79f789fb5135d18ac2b204e6c8.pdf} } @article { author = {Habibi-Pirkoohi, Maziar and Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi, Saeid and Marashi, Hasan and Moshtaghi, Nasrin and Nassiri, Mohammadreza and Zibaee, Saeid}, title = {Transient Expression of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Coat Protein in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacom) via Agroinfiltration}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {28-34}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1015}, abstract = {Background: Transient and stable transformation of host plants are the common techniques to produce transgenic plants. However, the main drawback of stable transformation is the fact that it takes quite a long time to produce a transgenic line. While, transient gene expression is a quick method to produce recombinant proteins in plants.  Objective: The main goal of the present study was to evaluate efficient agroinfiltration as an efficient and rapid method for production of recombinant antigen of FMDV. Materials and Methods: Tobacco leaves were transformed via agroinfiltration using a needle-free syringe. Presence of the gene cassette was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of the foreign gene was evaluated using Real Time PCR, protein dot blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: PCR analysis confirmed successful transformation of plant leaves. Expression of foreign protein was confirmed at both transcription and translation levels. Results of Real Time PCR assay indicated that the foreign gene was transcribed in transformed leaves. ELISA results showed that the foreign gene was expressed in the transformed leaves in high level. Conclusion: Here, the efficacy of agroinfiltration for transient expression of FMDV coat protein in tobacco was illustrated. Accordingly, transient agroinfilteration expedites the process of recombinant antigens expression in plant tissues.}, keywords = {Recombinant Vaccine,Agroinfiltration,Tobacco,Transient gene expression}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6456.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6456_d78a269a7c10edf772db57a0bdee13a7.pdf} } @article { author = {Muhaghegh-Dolatabady, Mustafa}, title = {Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of Bovine Interleukin 8 Gene and its Association with Milk Production Traits and Somatic Cell Score of Holstein Cattle in Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {36-41}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1016}, abstract = {Background: Interleukie-8 is a proinflammatory cytokine and a potent chemotactic and activation factor for neutrophils. It has been reported to be expressed in high levels by various cell types after immune stimulation and mediates neutrophil recruitment in host. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analysis of the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at position -180 G/A in the promoter region of bovine IL8 gene with milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS). Materials and Methods: The part of promoter region in the bovine IL8 gene containing -180 G/A SNP was screened by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing in Holstein cattle of Iran. The association analysis between different genotypes of IL8-180 SNP and performance traits of Holstein cattle was carried out by Mixed procedure of SAS 9.1 program. Results: A total of 3 distinct SSCP patterns were observed. Sequence analysis indicated a reported polymorphism at position -180 G/A relative to the start codon. This SNP created a putative binding site for Oct-1 transcription factor which associated with lower SCS. The association of IL8-180 genotypes was studied with milk production traits and SCS. The IL8-180 associated (P}, keywords = {Polymorphism,IL8 gene,Milk production traits,SCS,Holstein cattle}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6451.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6451_17c7c31dc56ba2c8034cb46c9904c82f.pdf} } @article { author = {Said, Acourene and Leila, Amourache and kaouther, Djafri and Sadia, Bekal}, title = {Date Wastes as Substrate for the Production of a-Amylase and Invertase}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {41-49}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1006}, abstract = {Background: In Algeria the date wastes production is estimated at least 85.000 tones. Date wastes is an economic source of carbohydrates for conversion to industrial enzymes because it is readily available and relatively low priced. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of using date wastes as a substrate for the production of a-amylase and invertase. Materials and Methods: Thirty strains of A. niger were isolated from the saline soils collected from five arid locations in Algeria. The process parameters; time, temperature, sugar content, initial pH, nitrogen source, nitrogen and phosphorus content, in the production of these enzymes were optimized. Results: The obtained results showed the potential of the Aspergillus niger for level productions of these enzymes. For a-amylase production, the cumulative effect of fermentation period of 96 h, temperature of 30°C, sugar content of 20 g/L, initial pH=5.5, supplemented with yeast extract as nitrogen source, and yeast extract and potassium phosphate at 5.0 g/L, content during the fermentation process of date wastes syrup produced a-amylase levels up to 285.6 U/ml. Invertase was produced up to 195.56 U/ml were produced under optimum conditions of 96h, temperature of 30°C, initial pH=6.0, sugars content of 40.0 g/L and the utilization of yeast extract and potassium phosphate at concentrations of 11.0 and 3.5 g/L, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained, provided evidences, supporting the potential of date waste as suitable source for production of  á-amylase and invertase at industrial scale.}, keywords = {Date wastes,Submerged fermentation,optimization,Amylase,Invertase}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6449.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6449_d984cedf83bad564281cc986e9ac2c12.pdf} } @article { author = {Khosravi, Houshang and Alikhani, Hossein Ali and Yakhchali, Bagher and Kharkhane, Ali Asghar}, title = {Isolation, Cloning and Sequence Analysis of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase Gene from Native Sinorhizobium meliloti}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {50-56}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1000}, abstract = {Background: Many plant growth-promoting bacteria including Rhizobia contain the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme that can leave ACC, and thereby lower the level of ethylene in stressed plants. Drought and salinity are the most common environmental stress factors for plants in Iran. Objectives: The main aim of this research was development of bio-fertilizers containing ACC deaminase enzyme which is very important in conditions of stressed drought and salinity. Materials and Methods: In this research 168 isolates of native Sinorhizobium meliloti were evaluated for ACC deaminase activity. These isolates were classified in four groups based on growth rate on ACC containing medium and enzyme activity. One isolate from each group was selected for molecular characterization. The nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene of the selected isolates were determined. The ACC deaminase genes (acdS) on total and chromosomal DNA of S. meliloti KYA40, and KYA71 strains were isolated and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector and the obtained recombinant plasmids were used for sequence analysis. Results: The sequence of acdS genes from strains KYA71 and KYA40 and corresponding proteins were analyzed with respect to available sequences in NCBI database. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of S. meliloti strains submitted to the GeneBank/NCBI database. The acdS gene of KYA71 may be located on chromosomal DNA and in KYA40 it is located on one of the mega plasmids. These two genes have 99% similarity with three nucleotide differences which only lead to a change in one amino acid 48, threonine in KYA40 acdS gene and methionine in KYA71. Conclusions: The comparison of amino acid sequences of KYA40 and KYA71 with other sequences in the database showed that the amino acids 37 to 58 in almost all strains were similar. Therefore, it was concluded that it was a conserved region in this location of acdS genes and any changes in this region may cause change in ACC deaminase activity.}, keywords = {ACC deaminase,Sinorhizobium meliloti,acdS gene}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6448.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6448_a497a9dd1ddbb9a9a2d9d888839eb2cd.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadzadeh, Javad and Ganjtabesh, Mohammad and Nowzari-Dalini, Abbas}, title = {Relation Between RNA Sequences, Structures, and Shapes via Variation Networks}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {57-70}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1010}, abstract = {Background: RNA plays key role in many aspects of biological processes and its tertiary structure is critical for its biological function. RNA secondary structure represents various significant portions of RNA tertiary structure. Since the biological function of RNA is concluded indirectly from its primary structure, it would be important to analyze the relations between the RNA sequences and their structures. One important tool to perform this kind of analysis is the neutral network which is a collection of RNA sequences, all coding the same secondary structure, where each RNA sequence is distinguished from the others by no more than a single base mutation. Another high level and useful representation of an RNA secondary structure is the RNA shape, where it is holding the vicinity and nesting of structural components and reducing their lengths to one unit. This allows us to analyze the huge structural space corresponding to the larger RNA sequences. Objectives: In this study, a new concept, entitled Variation Network, over the set of all RNA shapes is introduced. Based on this concept, the potential relations between random and natural RNA sequences, as well as their corresponding structures are analyzed. Materials and Methods: To explore the relations between random and natural RNA sequences and their corresponding structures, different properties including frequency, normalized frequency, shape energy average, variation rate, normalized variation rate, neighborhood energy average, and stability were obtained and analyzed. Results: The correlations among these properties of random and natural Variation Networks are presented.  Base on the obtained correlations, all the employed datasets are highly correlated to each other from the frequency point of view, whereas they are not well correlated from the thermodynamic energy point of view. Conclusions: Since the thermodynamic energy value of an RNA sequence over its secondary structure plays a key role in its function, this research conclude that the natural RNA sequences are not generated randomly.}, keywords = {RNA Folding,RNA Inverse Folding,Stability,Single Mutation}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6455.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6455_2e18daf1ec27cbc4c971d4e741b3b55b.pdf} } @article { author = {Niknam-Galejugi, Masoud and Salehi Jouzani, Gholamreza and Javan-Nikkhah, Mohammad}, title = {Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Magnaporthe spp. strains on Various Hosts in Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {71-81}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1007}, abstract = {Background: Populations of Magnaporthe, the causal agent of rice blast disease, are pathotypically and genetically diverse and therefore their interaction with different rice cultivars and also antagonistic microorganisms are very complicated. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to characterize phylogenetic relationships of 114 native  Magnaporthe strains, isolated from rice and different weeds in the North region of Iran and to study their interaction with the fungal and bacterial  antagonists. Materials and Methods: Phylogenetic studies (lineage structure, cluster analysis and gene flow) were performed using AFLP DNA fingerprinting.  Antagonistic effects of the native fungal (Trichoderma harzianum) and bacterial (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) against Magnaporthe strains were assayed at In vitro levels using factorial experiments based on completely randomized designs (CRD) and mean comparison tests. Results: In total, 39 clonal lineages including 48 haplotypes were identified among the strains of M. grisea and designated here as A-Z. AFLP marker could finely differentiate the strains isolated from various hosts. The strains isolated from Setaria sp. were much close to those from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Magnaporthe strains isolated from Digitaria sp. showed higher genetic variation than other strains. Genetic distances revealed by the AFLP markers could be finely differentiated M. grisea and M. salvinii. The rate of gene flow was an evidence of low gene transferring among Magnaporthe populations and the existence of a complex species for Magnaporthe strains. The fungal and bacterial antagonists showed different reactions against different Magnaporthe strains. These results confirmed high genetic diversity between the Magnaporthe strains which was also previously determined by the AFLP experiments.  Conclusions: It was concluded that the Magnaporthe populations in Iran have a complex genetic diversity, and therefore, to achieve an efficient control of the different strains and pathotypes of Magnaporthe sp, it is necessary to use different bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents as a dynamic and integrated control system.}, keywords = {AFLP,Bacillus subtilis,DNA fingerprinting,Magnaporthe,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Rice blast,Trichoderma harzianum}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6454.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6454_c21c3319bac65924f67bd74ec890d937.pdf} } @article { author = {Mousavi Hosseini, Kamran and Pourmokhtar, Mojgan and Habibi Roudkenar, Mehryar and Shahabi, Majid}, title = {Human plasma derived drugs separation by fractionation of plasma with polyethylene glycol}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Biotechnology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {82-85}, year = {2014}, publisher = {National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran}, issn = {1728-3043}, eissn = {2322-2921}, doi = {10.15171/ijb.1018}, abstract = {Background: There are varieties of purification techniques for separation of human plasma proteins such as salting out, ion exchange chromatography, and ethanol fractionation. There are limitations for each method, for example in salting out method, the salt has to be removed in an additional step. Ion exchange chromatography is difficult for scaling up, and plasma fractionation is a time consuming method and it needs machinery and plant. In the present study the fractionation of human plasma by polyethylene glycol was investigated. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of the fractionation of human plasma by polyethylene glycol. Materials and Methods: Human plasma fractionation was carried out by using polyethylene glycol at different concentrations from five to twenty percent, and it was followed by centrifugation. After each step of addition of polyethylene glycol the supernatant was removed for further fractionation by addition of higher concentration of polyethylene glycol. Results: Suitable intermediate sources for protein purification were obtained by fractionation of human plasma by polyethylene glycol. Fibrinogen in fraction 5% , IgG and IgM in fraction 10%, IgA in fraction 20%, and finally albumin and α1-Antitrypsin in supernatant 20% of polyethylene glycol were achieved. Conclusion: By our study we could obtain four different fractions as intermediate sources for protein purification which cannot be easily obtained from plasma fractionation by cold ethanol fractionation.}, keywords = {Human plasma,Albumin,Immunoglobulin,Plasma protein}, url = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6457.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijbiotech.com/article_6457_3b99394964b7157bc29e11afddb4ede3.pdf} }